. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 12.

Published in final edited form as: J Health Psychol. 2008 Sep;13(6):827–837. doi: 10.1177/1359105308093867

Table 5.

Scale differences by stage

Scale	Precontemplation mean (n = 38)	Contemplation mean (n = 250)	Action mean (n = 32)	F value (d.f. = 2&317)	Significant group differences^a
Susceptibility	10.97	12.54	11.28	1.91	NS
Benefits	22.87	24.90	25.16	5.45^**	1 vs 2 1 vs 3
Barriers	46.45	38.89	35.80	3.20^*	1 vs 3
Self-efficacy	56.92	62.22	63.66	6.15^**	1 vs 2 1 vs 3
Fear	26.37	23.88	24.47	1.25	NS

Notes:

p < 05;

^**

p < 01;

Post hoc tests for each pair of two groups performed with Student-Newman-Keuls test at alpha of 0.05