Table II.

Size, Shape, Weight, Zn Content, WL, MC, EE, and L of the Beads (Data Represents Mean ± SD (N = 3))

Variables	Values	Shape (ER)v	Size (µm)v	Weight of 50 beads (mg)v	Zn content (µg mg−1 bead)	MC (%)	EE (%)
Cross-linking agent	Zn	1.06 ± 0.03	896.44 ± 7.90	23.12 ± 0.03	54.12 ± 1.92	10.09 ± 0.43k	97.99 ± 0.10k
	Ca	1.07 ± 0.05	1,077.77 ± 72.97	32.62 ± 0.77	–	16.16 ± 1.00	98.65 ± 0.21
Cross-linking pH	1.5	1.06 ± 0.03	896.44 ± 7.90	23.12 ± 0.03	54.12 ± 1.92a	10.09 ± 0.43	97.99 ± 0.10
	6.3	1.06 ± 0.03	1,111.76 ± 40.61	24.49 ± 0.14	81.73 ± 0.94	11.05 ± 0.76	97.77 ± 0.68
Zinc acetate concentration (%)	1	1.03 ± 0.01	881.09 ± 38.29	19.84 ± 0.08	33.55 ± 0.87b	6.29 ± 0.95b	98.29 ± 0.12q
	2.5	1.07 ± 0.02	886.96 ± 9.81	22.83 ± 0.11	50.44 ± 2.78	9.51 ± 0.66	98.01 ± 0.18
	5	1.06 ± 0.03	896.44 ± 7.90	23.12 ± 0.03	54.12 ± 1.92	10.09 ± 0.43	97.99 ± 0.10
	10	1.06 ± 0.02	1,035.16 ± 43.22	25.54 ± 0.46	88.80 ± 0.60c	11.23 ± 0.79	97.68 ± 0.27
Cross-linking time (h)	0.25	1.13 ± 0.07	894.28 ± 14.38	20.38 ± 0.12	42.35 ± 2.94d	7.78 ± 0.19l	98.38 ± 0.04r
	0.5	1.06 ± 0.03	896.44 ± 7.90	23.12 ± 0.03	54.12 ± 1.92	10.09 ± 0.43m	97.99 ± 0.10s
	2	1.07 ± 0.07	920.48 ± 14.47	23.24 ± 0.05	75.29 ± 0.96	12.25 ± 0.79	97.06 ± 0.85
	24	1.10 ± 0.08	943.97 ± 15.04	24.74 ± 0.24	84.00 ± 0.91	13.21 ± 0.12	96.29 ± 0.11
Drying	RT	1.06 ± 0.03	896.44 ± 7.90	23.12 ± 0.03	54.12 ± 1.92e	10.09 ± 0.43e	97.99 ± 0.10
	37°C	1.06 ± 0.03	895.76 ± 11.13	22.03 ± 0.73	54.65 ± 0.65f	9.56 ± 0.72f	97.99 ± 0.10
	50°C	1.06 ± 0.03	886.88 ± 7.820	20.95 ± 0.51	85.30 ± 0.42	1.45 ± 0.45	97.99 ± 0.10
	FD	1.06 ± 0.03	2,040.51 ± 46.66	19.59 ± 0.05	87.76 ± 0.61	0.66 ± 0.23	97.99 ± 0.10
Pectin concentration (%)	3	1.09 ± 0.03	892.87 ± 13.27	23.38 ± 0.98	116.25 ± 1.18g	10.70 ± 1.44	97.44 ± 0.08t
	4	1.07 ± 0.03	898.47 ± 16.83	22.06 ± 0.55	96.02 ± 0.86h	11.01 ± 0.78	97.05 ± 0.09
	5	1.06 ± 0.03	896.44 ± 7.90	23.12 ± 0.03	54.12 ± 1.92	10.09 ± 0.43	97.99 ± 0.10
	6	1.08 ± 0.03	907.63 ± 20.25	23.81 ± 0.18	53.43 ± 2.84	10.24 ± 0.72	97.75 ± 0.05
Pectin–Resveratrol	1:1	1.07 ± 0.03	1140.67 ± 80.12	40.16 ± 0.42	45.95 ± 2.05	15.07 ± 0.49n	99.28 ± 0.10u
	2:1	1.07 ± 0.04	993.01 ± 48.82	31.57 ± 0.42	51.63 ± 2.10	12.43 ± 0.24o	98.55 ± 0.02
	3:1	1.06 ± 0.03	896.44 ± 7.90	23.12 ± 0.03	54.12 ± 1.92	10.09 ± 0.43p	97.99 ± 0.10
	4:1	1.05 ± 0.03	891.37 ± 11.06	21.81 ± 0.20	92.33 ± 0.24i	9.09 ± 0.07	97.50 ± 0.03
Blank	–	1.04 ± 0.01	866.62 ± 23.17	21.02 ± 0.09	111.58 ± 6.60j	8.54 ± 0.17	–

^a p < 0.05 between cross-linking pH 1.5 and 6.3

^b p < 0.05 between zinc acetate concentration 1% with 2.5%, 5%, and 10%

^c p < 0.05 between zinc acetate concentration 10% with 2.5% and 5%

^d p < 0.05 among cross-linking time 0.25, 0.5, 2, and 24 h

^e p < 0.05 between drying at RT with 50°C and FD

^f p < 0.05 between drying at 37°C with 50°C and FD

^g p < 0.05 between pectin concentration 3% with 4%, 5%, and 6%

^h p < 0.05 between pectin concentration 4% with 5% and 6%

ⁱ p < 0.05 between pectin to resveratrol ratio 4:1 with 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1

^j p < 0.05 between blank beads with pectin to resveratrol ratio 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1

^k p < 0.05 between cross-linking agent Ca and Zn

^l p < 0.05 between cross-linking time 0.25 h with 0.5, 2, and 24 h

^m p < 0.05 between cross-linking time 0.5 h with 2 and 24 h

ⁿ p < 0.05 between pectin to resveratrol ratio 1:1 with 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and blank

^o p < 0.05 between pectin to resveratrol ratio 2:1 with 3:1, 4:1, and blank

^p p < 0.05 between pectin to resveratrol ratio 3:1 with 4:1 and blank

^q p < 0.05 between zinc acetate concentration 1% and 10%

^r p < 0.05 between cross-linking time 0.25 h with 2 and 24 h

^s p < 0.05 between cross-linking time 0.5 and 24 h

^t p < 0.05 among pectin concentration 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%

^u p < 0.05 among pectin to resveratrol ratio 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1

^vStatistical analysis is not shown