Table 2.

Description of regional level characteristics for the 20 Italian regions

Regional Characteristics	Mean	Standard deviation	Min	Max	Cronbach's Alpha
Economic disadvantage1	0.00	0.91	-1.01	1.71	0.90
Poverty rate	0.13	0.08	0.04	0.27
Unemployment rate	0.09	0.07	0.02	0.23
Gini coefficient	0.29	0.03	0.25	0.33
Material deprivation
Poor living conditions1	0.29	0.05	0.17	0.39	0.85
Dirty streets2	0.30	0.09	0.15	0.49
Difficulty parking2	0.38	0.09	0.28	0.57
Traffic2	0.42	0.10	0.25	0.60
No public lights in streets2	0.30	0.06	0.19	0.39
Streets in poor conditions2	0.43	0.09	0.23	0.57
Small residential unit2	0.12	0.03	0.10	0.18
Residential unit far from family2	0.21	0.05	0.11	0.32
Residential unit in poor conditions2	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.10
Irregular water service2	0.14	0.09	0.02	0.36
Does not drink tap water2	0.34	0.14	0.05	0.65
Air pollution2	0.34	0.12	0.13	0.57
Crime2	0.24	0.11	0.12	0.53
Satisfaction with healthcare1	0.29	0.10	0.15	0.50	0.90
Highly satisfied with physicians2	0.35	0.13	0.14	0.56
Highly satisfied with nurses2	0.34	0.13	0.15	0.55
Highly satisfied with room and board2	0.22	0.10	0.12	0.43
Highly satisfied with hygiene2	0.29	0.12	0.11	0.49
Capital intensity in healthcare3	23.35	4.92	15.05	34.14
Share of private healthcare expenditure	0.38	0.21	0.04	0.77
Social/psychological factors
Social isolation (no friends2)	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.08
Health behaviors
Obesity rate	0.10	0.02	0.07	0.13