Table 6.
Diagnoses, other medication use, and fracture risk
| # Controls (%) | # Cases (%) | Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals1) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnoses2 | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 4883 (3.7) | 2261 (6.7) | 1.70 (95% CI 1.48–1.96) |
| Arthritis | 44104 (33.8) | 13462 (39.9) | 1.49 (95% CI 1.38–1.60) |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 18643 (14.3) | 6579 (19.5) | 1.26 (95% CI 1.12–1.41) |
| Dementia | 10431 (8.0) | 4780 (14.2) | 1.58 (95% CI 1.35–1.85) |
| Diabetes | 19607 (15.0) | 6102 (18.1) | 1.18 (95% CI 1.03–1.34) |
| Epilepsy | 375 (0.3) | 169 (0.5) | 2.03 (95% CI 1.45–2.84) |
| Gait Disorder | 3210 (2.5) | 1421 (4.2) | 1.32 (95% CI 1.02–1.71) |
| Hemiplegia | 3264 (2.5) | 1372 (4.1) | 1.63 (95% CI 1.29–2.06) |
| Kidney Disease | 2966 (2.3) | 1399 (4.1) | 1.41 (95% CI 1.04–1.92) |
| Psychoses | 18381 (14.1) | 7969 (23.6) | 1.42 (95% CI 1.25–1.61) |
| Smoking | 29444 (22.6) | 9936 (29.4) | 1.45 (95% CI 1.34–1.56) |
| Visual Impairment | 1990 (1.5) | 730 (2.2) | 1.51 (95% CI 1.15–1.98) |
| Medications3 | |||
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 25223 (19.3) | 7132 (21.1) | 1.05 (95% CI 0.94–1.16) |
| Anxiolytics | 5234 (4.0) | 1997 (5.9) | 1.22 (95% CI 1.02–1.45) |
| Bisphosphonates3,4 | 10910 (8.4) | 4277 (12.7) | 1.46 (95% CI 1.27–1.68) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 19672 (15.1) | 5561 (16.5) | 1.04 (95% CI 0.93–1.17) |
| Estrogen | 20602 (15.8) | 4613 (13.7) | 0.68 (95% CI 0.61–0.76) |
| Glucocorticoids3 | 29144 (22.3) | 8800 (26.1) | 1.16 (95% CI 1.06–1.27) |
| Nonnarcotic analgesics | 2390 (1.8) | 853 (2.5) | 1.22 (95% CI 0.95–1.57) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 17478 (13.4) | 4251 (12.6) | 0.97 (95% CI 0.86–1.09) |
| Thyroid supplementation | 16775 (12.9) | 4557 (13.5) | 1.11 (95% CI 0.94–1.31) |
1
Odds ratios from saturated model, adjusted for use of other medications and risk factors (see methods section for details)
2
Listed diagnoses are those associated with increased risk in the saturated regression model (see methods section for details). All listed diagnoses were included as risk factors in analyses of other risk factors for hip fracture.
3
Medications are ≥1 year supply except for glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates, which are for any use (see methods). Glucocorticoids and anxiolytics were included as risk factors in analyses of other risk factors for hip fracture.
4
Expected direction is increased risk since bisphosphonates are prescribed for persons with an increased fracture risk