Table 1.
Significant known metabolite changes observed between hLZ-fed and control-fed pigs
| Metabolite | hLZ mean ± SD | Control mean ± SD | hLZ median | Control median | Median ratio (hLZ/control) | Median ratio P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acids | ||||||
| Methionine | 0.991 ± 0.102 | 0.605 ± 0.083 | 0.885 | 0.543 | 1.464 | 0.003 |
| Threonine | 0.942 ± 0.089 | 0.730 ± 0.062 | 0.877 | 0.712 | 1.201 | 0.039 |
| Amino acid derivatives | ||||||
| 3-Hydroxyindolea | 0.336 ± 0.097 | 0.625 ± 0.108 | 0.367 | 0.618 | 0.587 | 0.001 |
| Urea | 0.689 ± 0.062 | 0.999 ± 0.093 | 0.685 | 0.919 | 0.686 | 0.008 |
| trans-4-hydroxyproline | 1.078 ± 0.065 | 0.826 ± 0.066 | 1.112 | 0.829 | 1.345 | 0.012 |
| Citrulline | 1.359 ± 0.106 | 0.962 ± 0.132 | 1.386 | 0.950 | 1.440 | 0.049 |
| Carbohydrates and related | ||||||
| 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol | 1.249 ± 0.051 | 0.833 ± 0.083 | 1.287 | 0.820 | 1.545 | 0.002 |
| Scyllo-inositol | 0.820 ± 0.102 | 0.602 ± 0.082 | 0.801 | 0.575 | 1.330 | 0.035 |
| Myo-inositol | 0.675 ± 0.124 | 0.467 ± 0.103 | 0.650 | 0.471 | 1.393 | 0.041 |
| Energy metabolism and related | ||||||
| Alpha-ketoglutarate | 1.249 ± 0.132 | 0.795 ± 0.116 | 1.187 | 0.799 | 1.492 | 0.024 |
| Fatty acids | ||||||
| Arachidonic acid | 1.116 ± 0.038 | 0.919 ± 0.070 | 1.135 | 0.929 | 1.236 | 0.027 |
| Phospholipids | ||||||
| Phosphatidylcholine #2b | 1.059 ± 0.046 | 0.930 ± 0.027 | 1.035 | 0.915 | 1.113 | 0.035 |
| Catecholamines | ||||||
| 3-Methoxytyrosine | 37.400 ± 0.020 | 40.567 ± 0.029 | 37.500 | 40.500 | 0.924 | 0.038 |
| Vitamins, co-factors, and related | ||||||
| Coenzyme Q10 | 1.148 ± 0.053 | 0.700 ± 0.164 | 1.132 | 0.639 | 1.618 | 0.014 |
| Miscellaneous | ||||||
| Taurine | 1.210 ± 0.163 | 0.651 ± 0.088 | 1.135 | 0.624 | 1.745 | 0.011 |
| Benzoic acid | 0.936 ± 0.021 | 1.031 ± 0.027 | 0.946 | 1.011 | 0.918 | 0.014 |
| 2-Hydroxybutyrate | 1.044 ± 0.088 | 0.769 ± 0.036 | 1.066 | 0.752 | 1.386 | 0.015 |
| Creatinine | 0.874 ± 0.042 | 1.035 ± 0.052 | 0.862 | 0.988 | 0.832 | 0.024 |
aMeasurement may include a possible contribution from 3-indoxylsulfuric acid
bStructure annotation is based on strong analytical evidence (combinations of chromatography, mass spectrometry, chemical reactions, deuterium-labeling, database and literature search, as well as comparisons to similar/homologue/isomeric reference compounds)