Fig. 8.

The number of spike-wave discharge on the medial prefrontal cortex (FC) and the parietal cortex (PC) in rats treated with tramadol. The rats (n=6) were intraperitoneally administered saline, and tramadol 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively (group 'Control', 'TRA5', 'TRA10', 'TRA20' and 'TRA40'). Data were expressed as mean±S.D. Data were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis H test followed by a Mann-Whitney test. ^**p<0.01 when compared to Control group, ^##p<0.01 when compared to TRA5 group, ⁺⁺p<0.01 when compared to TRA10 group, and ^@@p<0.01 when compared to TRA20 group.