Table 1.
Baseline demographic and smoking characteristics, by group
| NONSMK (n = 32) | ABST (n = 31) | ADLIB (n = 29) | F/χ2 | p value | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Female, n (%) | 19 (59.4) | 18 (58.1) | 18 (62.1) | 0.10 | .95 |
| Age, M (SD) | 15.5 (1.3) | 15.6 (1.5) | 15.6 (1.3) | 0.04 | .95 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%)a | – | – | – | 22.8 | .03 |
| Native American | 2 (6.1) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (6.9) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (6.9) | ||
| Black/African American | 3 (9.4) | 2 (3.2) | 2 (6.9) | ||
| Cape Verdean | 4 (12.5) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (3.5) | ||
| Hispanic | 9 (28.1) | 3 (9.6) | 2 (6.9) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 12 (37.5) | 24 (77.4) | 22 (75.9) | ||
| Other | 2 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Total years education, M (SD) | 9.8 (1.1) | 9.9 (1.2) | 9.8 (1.1) | 0.04 | .96 |
| Smoking characteristics, M (SD) | |||||
| Cigarettes/day in past 30 days | – | 10.5 (5.7) | 10.7 (5.7) | 0.03 | .86 |
| Years regular smoker | – | 2.6 (1.9) | 3.0 (1.7) | 0.14 | .70 |
| Stanford Dependence Index | – | 14.5 (3.5) | 14.7 (3.1) | 0.04 | .83 |
| Expired carbon monoxide (ppm) | – | 12.9 (7.7) | 11.8 (7.0) | 0.34 | .56 |
| Salivary cotinine (ng/ml) | – | 169.8 (86.8) | 169.2 (92.5) | <0.01 | .98 |
| Substance use, M (SD)b | |||||
| Days used alcohol (of past 30) | 0.53 (1.4) | 2.5 (2.8) | 2.3 (3.3) | 5.3 | .007 |
| Days used marijuana (of past 30) | 0.56 (2.7) | 7.2 (8.7) | 6.8 (8.6) | 8.6 | <.001 |
Note. ABST = abstinent smokers; ADLIB = nonabstinent smokers; NONSMK = nonsmokers.
a
Pairwise chi-square comparisons indicated that NONSMK were significantly different from ABST and ADLIB groups (p < .05); ABST versus ADLIB pairwise contrasts were nonsignificant (p = .86).
b
Post-hoc tests indicated that NONSMK used alcohol and marijuana significantly less often than ABST and ADLIB groups (p < .05); ABST and ADLIB did not differ (p = .76 and .83, respectively).