Appendix Table 1.
Full multivariable logistic regression models predicting odds of holding supportive attitudes toward tobacco control, by exposure to tobacco-specific media, knowledge of the negative effects of tobacco, smoking status, and sociodemographics. American Smoking and Health Survey 2—2003. All estimates control for respondent state of residence. All estimates are weighted
| Response indicating supportive attitudes toward tobacco control |
|||
| Tobacco companies should not be allowed to sell a harmful product (N = 2,256) | There are not enough restrictions on where people can smoke cigarettes (N = 2,252) | Government should be involved in where people can smoke cigarettes (N = 2,248) | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Exposure to neutral or antitobacco informationa,b (ref. no exposure) | |||
| News: Efforts to ban smoking in public places | 0.85 (0.65–1.16) | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.93 (0.71–1.20) |
| News: Dangers to kids | 1.17 (0.95–1.46) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) |
| Ads: Efforts to ban smoking in public places | 1.40** (1.07–1.81) | 1.15 (0.89–1.50) | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) |
| Ads: Dangers to kids | 1.41** (1.13–1.77) | 1.01 (0.80–1.26) | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) |
| Exposure to Protobacco advertisinga,c (ref. no exposure) | |||
| Ads for cigarettes in newspaper | 1.03 (0.84–1.29) | 1.04 (0.85–1.29) | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) |
| Ads for cigarettes in magazine | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | 1.20 (0.98–1.48) | 0.92 (0.76–1.13) |
| Ads for cigarettes on Internet | 0.78 (0.58–1.04) | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.88 (0.67–1.18) |
| Knowledge (ref. disagree, neutral, or don’t know) | |||
| Smoking has been proven to cause lung cancer | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 1.59*** (1.26–2.01) | 2.38*** (1.92–2.97) |
| Secondhand smoke causes lung cancer in nonsmokers | 2.11*** (1.62–2.74) | 2.66*** (1.97–3.59) | 1.89*** (1.46–2.46) |
| Smoking around a baby increases its chance of dying from SIDS | 1.66*** (1.37–2.01) | 1.39*** (1.15–1.67) | 1.34** (1.11–1.61) |
| Smoking status (ref. current smoker) | |||
| Never-smoker | 1.52** (1.20–1.93) | 3.89*** (3.02–5.03) | 1.66*** (1.32–2.09) |
| Former smoker | 1.35* (1.02–1.78) | 2.93*** (2.17–3.95) | 1.29* (1.02–1.70) |
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age ≤ 65 years (ref. > 65) | 0.76 (0.53–1.07) | 1.10 (0.80–1.51) | 0.97 (0.71–1.34) |
| Female (ref. male) | 1.28** (1.05–1.56) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 1.11 (0.92–1.35) |
| High school degree + (ref. no high school degree) | 0.80 (0.60–1.08) | 1.20 (0.90–1.59) | 1.18 (0.90–1.54) |
| College degree (ref. no high school degree) | 0.65 (0.46–1.09) | 1.51 (0.98–2.10) | 1.64** (1.18–2.25) |
| Income $30,000+ (ref. < $30,000) | 0.77* (0.63–0.95) | 1.27 (0.98–1.55) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) |
| Black race (ref. White) | 1.78*** (1.39–2.28) | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) |
| Other race (ref. White) | 1.49** (1.17–1.90) | 0.78 (0.62–0.98) | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) |
Note. OR = odds ratio. Bold values represent statistical significance at p < .05.
Questions representing exposure to neutral, antitobacco, and protobacco advertising were asked only of respondents who reported at least some media exposure in the past 30 days (e.g., television, radio, newspaper, magazine, or Internet).
In past 30 days, saw news coverage or advertising about efforts to ban smoking in public places, such as restaurants, bars and cocktail lounges, and about the dangers of children being around cigarette smoke
In past 30 days, saw advertising or promotions for cigarettes or other tobacco products in newspaper, magazine, or on the Internet.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .0001.