Effects of UCP1 ablation on superoxide production during fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue mitochondria of cold-acclimated animals. a and b, palmitatoyl-CoA oxygen consumption response curve of a wild type mouse (a) and of a UCP1-ablated mouse (b). The arrows indicate the time points when substrates were added. c and d, superoxide production of the same wild type mouse as shown above measured as fluorescence (c) and of the same UCP1-ablated mouse (d). At t = 0 the mitochondria were respiring on malate (3 mm) in all of the performed measurements. e and f, the mean values ± S.E. of wild type mice (n = 4) and UCP1-ablated mice (n = 8) for every treatment (***, p < 0.001, one-way RM analysis of variance (Bonferroni-adjusted)).