TABLE 2.
Comparison of gene categories by GSEA between acute palmitate and oleate exposure in HepG2
| Palmitate |
Oleate |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category Description | Category ID | Observed | Pa | Observed | Pa |
| Concordant: upregulated ↑ | |||||
| Ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | GO:0006511 | 182 | 1.38 × 10−2 | 180 | 3.28 × 10−2 |
| Discordant: palmitate↓ oleate↑ | |||||
| Ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process | GO:0009199 | 42 | 1.56 × 10−2 | 43 | 3.84 × 10−2 |
| Respiratory electron transport chain | GO:0022904 | 48 | 1.66 × 10−2 | 47 | 3.69 × 10−3 |
| Peroxidase activity | GO:0004601 | 21 | 2.73 × 10−2 | 19 | 1.39 × 10−2 |
| Oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor | GO:0016684 | 21 | 2.73 × 10−2 | 19 | 1.39 × 10−2 |
| Oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, quinine, or similar compound as acceptor | GO:0016655 | 45 | 3.80 × 10−2 | 44 | 7.46 × 10−3 |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | GO:0006119 | 65 | 1.74 × 10−4 | 65 | 1.38 × 10−3 |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity | GO:0008137 | 40 | 4.14 × 10−2 | 39 | 7.76 × 10−3 |
| Monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity | GO:0015077 | 87 | 5.66 × 10−3 | 83 | 3.28 × 10−2 |
| Mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | GO:0042775 | 45 | 3.01 × 10−2 | 44 | 2.46 × 10−3 |
| Membrane lipid metabolic process | GO:0006643 | 175 | 3.71 × 10−2 | 173 | 3.83 × 10−2 |
| Lipid biosynthetic process | GO:0008610 | 225 | 9.27 × 10−3 | 220 | 2.69 × 10−2 |
| Ion channel activity | GO:0005216 | 164 | 1.24 × 10−2 | 147 | 4.40 × 10−2 |
| Inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity | GO:0022890 | 120 | 2.23 × 10−3 | 109 | 4.89 × 10−2 |
| G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway | GO:0007186 | 340 | 3.13 × 10−4 | 285 | 5.17 × 10−4 |
| ER part | GO:0044432 | 478 | 1.57 × 10−5 | 468 | 4.00 × 10−2 |
| Concordant: downregulated ↓ | |||||
| Regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction | GO:0051056 | 179 | 2.84 × 10−2 | 178 | 4.76 × 10−2 |
| Phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity | GO:0004435 | 13 | 8.16 × 10−3 | 11 | 4.00 × 10−2 |
| Inositol or phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase activity | GO:0004434 | 13 | 8.16 × 10−3 | 11 | 4.00 × 10−2 |
Selected enriched categories common between acute 1 mM palmitate and 1 mM oleate treatment for 6 h in HepG2 cells compared with controls.
a
Benjamini and Hochberg corrected P-value.