Table 1.

Immunosuppressive Drug Regimens and Adjuncts for Kidney Transplantation and Applied Later for Extrarenal Organs

Agents	Year Described and Reported	Place	Deficiencies	Used for Livers
Azathioprine	19628,9	Boston	Ineffective, dangerous	No
Azathioprine-steroids	19639	Denver	Suboptimal	Yes
Thoracic duct drainage as adjunct	196310*	Stockholm	Nuisance: requires 20–30 d pre-     treatment	Yes
ALG as adjunct	19666	Denver	Suboptimal	Yes
Cyclophosphamide substitute for     azathioprine	197016	Denver	No advantage except for patients     with azathioprine toxicity	Yes
Total lymphoid irradiation	197917,18	Palo Alto, Minn	Dangerous; extensive preparation;     not quickly reversible	Yes
Cyclosporine alone	1978–     197919	Cambridge	Suboptimal	Yes
Cyclosporine-steroids	198020	Denver	Under evaluation	Yes
Monoclonal ALG as adjunct	198121	Boston	Under evaluation	Yes

^*It was not realized until much later that pretreatment for three to four weeks before transplantation was a necessary condition.¹⁵