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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nurs Res. 2009 Nov–Dec;58(6):410–418. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181bee597

Table 1. Baseline Patient Characteristics by Study Group.

All Symptom Intervention with Booster
(a)
Symptom Intervention
(b)
Weight Management and Diet
(c)
Comparisons
Age ns
n 174 55 60 59
Median 67.0 65.0 68.5 68.0
Age at diagnosis ns
n 166 52 59 55
Median 54 54 54 55
Years with diagnosis ns
n 168 51 60 57
M 12 12 15 12
SD 6.21 6.17 7.25 5.23
HbA1C q ns
n 180 59 61 60
M 8.29 8.30 8.44 8.11
SD 1.62 1.64 1.63 1.61
Complications ns
n 175 56 60 59
Median 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Symptoms ns
n 172 55 59 58
M 8.10 7.82 7.98 8.50
SD 4.09 4.30 3.65 4.35
Diabetes medication ns
n 174 55 60 59
% None 2 4 2 0
% Oral 44 45 42 46
% Insulin 18 18 17 17
% Both 36 33 40 36
Income ns
n 170 53 59 58
Median category < $10,000 $10,000-14,000 < $10,000 $10,000-14,000
Education (b)&(c) < (a)
n 172 53 60 59
% < high school 51 36 60 56
% high school 22 26 22 19
% > high school 27 38 18 25
Mental quality of life ns
n 172 55 59 58
M 2.55 2.67 2.43 2.56
SD 0.69 0.60 0.70 0.77
Social quality of life ns
n 171 55 59 57
M 3.25 3.41 3.19 3.17
SD 0.66 0.57 0.67 0.71
PAID (c) > (a)
n 165 51 56 58
M 2.28 2.05 2.31 2.44
SD 0.83 0.56 0.75 1.05

Notes. PAID = Problem Areas in Diabetes survey