Table 1.
Demographics Data
| Variables | Mirror Artifacts (148 Patients, 200 Eyes) | No Mirror Artifacts (121 Patients, 121 Eyes) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD | 61 ± 13 | 66 ± 16 | 0.002* |
| Sex (n), males/females | 87/61 | 63/58 | 0.430† |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 112 (75.7) | 92 (76.0) | 0.510† |
| Asian | 26 (17.6) | 20 (16.5) | |
| African | 7 (4.7) | 3 (2.5) | |
| American other | 3 (2.1) | 6 (5.0) | |
| Diagnosis, n | |||
| Suspected glaucoma | 51 | 35 | |
| POAG | 39 | 32 | |
| Other glaucoma | 23 | 23 | |
| Myopic degeneration | 18 | 0 | |
| Retinal detachment | 9 | 1 | |
| Retinal peripheral alterations | 4 | 1 | |
| Neovascular AMD/CNVM | 11 | 7 | |
| Vitreomacular interface diseases | 9 | 6 | |
| Non-neovascular AMD | 7 | 4 | |
| Macular hole | 5 | 2 | |
| Other maculopathy | 2 | 3 | |
| BRVO | 3 | 0 | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 1 | 3 | |
| Choroidal nevi | 2 | 1 | |
| Optic disc drusen | 1 | 2 | |
| Retinal migraine | 1 | 2 | |
| Others‡ | 12 | 4 | |
| Visual acuity, Snellen (logMAR)§ | 20/47 (0.37) | 20/29 (0.16) | <0.001* |
| Lens status, n (%) | |||
| No cataracts | 110 (55.0) | 69 (57.0) | 0.002† |
| Cataracts | 33 (16.5) | 27 (22.0) | |
| Pseudophakia | 49 (24.5) | 24 (20.0) | |
| Aphakia | 8 (4.0) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Refractive surgery, n | 5 | 0 | 0.060‖ |
Only 176/189 (93.1%) of patients had refraction data. CNVM, choroidal neovascular membrane; BRVO, branch-retinal vein occlusion.
Two-tailed t-test.
χ2 test (α = 0.05).
Includes diagnoses that were found in only one normal patient or one patient with mirror artifact. Thirteen diagnoses were found for 12 different patients with mirror artifacts: branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), cystoid macular edema (CME), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), lamellar hole, hypotonic maculopathy, idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia (IJT), ischemic optic neuropathy, idiopathic polyploidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV), Kearn-Sayer syndrome, pigment dispersion syndrome, pseudohole, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and solar retinopathy. Five diagnoses were given for four different normal patients: angioid streak, central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), diabetic macular edema, optic atrophy, and retinal ischemia.
198/200 eyes with mirror artifacts had visual acuity data.
Fisher's exact test.