Figure 2.

Promising new anti-cancer agents in breast cancer. The figure summarises some of the most promising agents that are being developed for breast cancer, and how inhibition of each target may affect some of the key signalling pathways and biological processes in an individual tumour cell. ↓ represents activation, ⊥ represents inhibition. Abbreviations: EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; IGF1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; MEK, MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKB, protein kinase B; VEGF(R), vascular endothelial growth factor (receptor).