TABLE 4.
Energy and macronutrient intakes by diet group (n = 291)1
| Atkins (n = 73) | Zone (n = 73) | LEARN (n = 73) | Ornish (n = 72) | P value | |
| Energy (kcal) | 1373 ± 340 | 1469 ± 459 | 1478 ± 444 | 1412 ± 445 | 0.4 |
| Energy (kJ) | 5745 ± 1424 | 6145 ± 1919 | 6185 ± 1857 | 5911 ± 1860 | 0.4 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 58a ± 38 | 155b ± 61 | 179b ± 52 | 220c ± 76 | <0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 17.1a ± 10.5 | 42.0b ± 8.3 | 49.3c ± 8.7 | 63.1d ± 11.1 | <0.0001 |
| Protein (g) | 94a ± 28 | 82b ± 21 | 72b ± 22 | 58c ± 21 | <0.0001 |
| Protein (% of energy) | 27.9a ± 5.3 | 24.0b ± 6.1 | 20.2c ± 4.8 | 16.9d ± 4.2 | <0.0001 |
| Total fat (g) | 85a ± 25 | 58b ± 24 | 52b ± 25 | 34c ± 20 | <0.0001 |
| Total fat (% of energy) | 55.2a ± 7.9 | 35.1b ± 6.6 | 30.1c ± 7.4 | 21.0d ± 8.0 | <0.0001 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 31a ± 10 | 20b ± 10 | 17b ± 10 | 10c ± 8 | <0.0001 |
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 20.1a ± 4.4 | 11.6b ± 3.0 | 9.6c ± 3.0 | 6.2d ± 3.4 | <0.0001 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 33a ± 10 | 22b ± 10 | 20b ± 9 | 12c ± 7 | <0.0001 |
| Monounsaturated fat (% of energy) | 21.2a ± 3.6 | 13.2b ± 3.5 | 11.4c ± 3.2 | 7.7d ± 3.2 | <0.0001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 15a ± 8 | 12b ± 5 | 11b ± 6 | 8c ± 5 | <0.0001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% of energy) | 9.3a ± 3.2 | 7.4b ± 2.3 | 6.5b ± 2.2 | 5.2c ± 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol (g) | 3.3 ± 7.9 | 5.5 ± 8.1 | 6.2 ± 8.9 | 4.7 ± 9.1 | 0.2 |
| Alcohol (% of energy) | 1.8 ± 4.3 | 2.3 ± 3.6 | 2.9 ± 4.2 | 2.2 ± 4.0 | 0.5 |
| Total dietary fiber (g) | 11a ± 6 | 17b ± 7 | 18b ± 7 | 22c ± 9 | <0.0001 |
| Soluble fiber (g) | 3.3a ± 2.1 | 5.6b ± 2.0 | 5.7b ± 2.2 | 7.2c ± 3.3 | <0.0001 |
1
All values are means ± SDs. LEARN, Lifestyle, Exercise, Attitudes, Relationships, Nutrition. P values were derived from ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons (Tukey's Studentized range tests) were performed only for those nutrients for which the ANOVA test was significant. Pairs of diet-group contrasts with different superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0.05.