Skip to main content

View full-text article in PMC

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 14.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2008 Feb 14;38(11):1543–1556. doi: 10.1017/S0033291708002894

Table 1.

Risk for depression and fear- and anxiety-related disorders due to parental MDD (G2 and G3)

				G1 MDD one or more				G1 MDD neither
Generation 2	G1 MDD one or more	G1 MDD neither		Generation 3				Generation 3

G2 diagnoses	(n=155) n (%)	(n=69) n (%)	HR (95% CI)^a	G3 diagnoses	(n=34) G2 MDD n (%)	(n=63) No G2 MDD n (%)	HR (95% CI)^a	(n=12) G2 MDD n (%)	(n=46) No G2 MDD n (%)	HR (95% CI)^a
Any MDD	96 (61.9)	19 (27.5)	2.9 (1.7–5.2)^****	Any mood disorder	13 (38.2)	10 (15.9)	2.5 (1.2–5.0)^**	0 (0.0)	4 (8.7)	N.E.
Onset of MDD^b				Onset of mood^b
Onset <13	21 (13.6)	2 (2.9)	5.2 (1.4–19.0)^**	Onset <13	8 (23.5)	8 (12.7)	1.9 (0.80–4.4)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.1)	N.E.
Onset 13–18	35 (22.6)	8 (11.6)	2.4 (1.2–4.5)^***	Onset 13–18	5 (14.7)	2 (3.2)	4.8 (0.96–24.1)^*	0 (0.0)	3 (6.5)	N.E.
Onset ≥19	40 (25.8)	9 (13.0)	2.7 (1.2–6.0)^**
Fear-related disorders^c	67 (43.2)	13 (18.8)	3.6 (1.9–7.1)^****	Fear-related disorders^c	17 (50.0)	8 (12.5)	4.3 (1.9–9.6)^****	2 (16.7)	4 (8.7)	2.2 (0.28–18.1)
Anxiety-related disorders^d	24 (15.5)	4 (5.8)	2.7 (0.96–7.3)^*	Anxiety-related disorders^d	1 (2.9)	3 (4.7)	0.63 (0.07–5.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	N.E.

MDD, Major depressive disorder; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; N.E., not estimated due to zero cells.

^a

Adjusted for age and correlation within family.

^b

Each onset group compared to G3 without mood disorder.

^c

Panic/agoraphobia, social or specific phobia.

^d

Overanxious/generalized anxiety disorder.

^*

p<0.1,

^**

p<0.05,

^***

p<0.01,

^****

p<0.001.