Table 3.

Group average gain values and overall time constants of the transfer functions relating beat-to-beat fluctuations in ABP to E_max (ABP→E_max) and beat-to-beat fluctuations in HR to E_max (HR→E_max) before and after HF

Transfer Function Parameters	Control	HF
GABP→Emax, ml−1	−0.023 ± 0.012	−0.0002 ± 0.007†
GHR→Emax, mmHg·ml−1·(beats/min)−1	0.013 ± 0.005	−0.0010 ± 0.004†
τABP→Emax, s	11.2 ± 2.8*	‡
τHR→Emax, s	1.7 ± 0.5*	‡

Values are means ± SE. G, gain value.

^*P < 0.05, two values marked with asterisk are significantly different from each other.

^†P < 0.10.

^‡Overall time constant (τ) was not well defined because of the small transfer function magnitude (see Fig. 4).