Table 2.

Percentage of respondents reporting drunkenness in the last 12 months by sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (N = 9,819)

	Male n = 4,968	p-valuea	Female n = 4,851	p-valuea	Total N = 9,819	p-valuea
	%		%		%
Self-reported past-year drunkenness b	9.4		5.0		7.2
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences
Frequency with which family did not have enough food before respondent was 10 years
Very often	10.7	*	7.0	*	8.9	**
Somewhat often	10.8		5.5		8.1
Not often at all/Never	8.6		4.4		6.5
Did respondent live in a household with a problem drinker before age 10 years
No	7.5	**	3.4	**	5.5	**
Yes	17.8		11.1		14.3
Was respondent physically abused before age 10 years
No	8.4	**	4.0	**	6.2	**
Yes	13.5		9.9		12.0
Was respondent coerced into first sex before age 18 years
No	9.3		4.7	**	7.1	*
Yes	12.6		9.5		10.2
Sociodemographic characteristics
Importance of religion in life
Very important	9.2		5.0		7.1
Somewhat important	11.5		4.8		8.2
Not important/no religion	7.9		5.3		6.7
Schooling status
In school	7.7	**	4.0	**	6.0	**
Out of school	12.6		6.3		9.2
Sex of household head
Male	9.2		4.7		7.0
Female	9.9		5.8		7.7
Living arrangements
Both parents	8.2	**	4.6		6.5
Mother only	10.6		5.2		8.0
Father only	8.3		5.9		7.3
Neither parent	11.4		5.2		7.8
Area of residence
Urban	11.2	*	4.1		7.4
Rural	8.8		5.3		7.1
Marital status
Never married	9.1	**	4.7	*	7.0	**
Ever married	31.8		7.4		10.1
Country of residence
Burkina Faso	5.3	**	3.1	**	4.3	**
Ghana	11.3		6.5		8.9
Malawi	7.6		1.9		4.9
Uganda	14.2		8.5		11.4

Sample sizes are weighted

^ap-values show the levels of significance of the association between each socio-demographic variable and self-reported past-year drunkenness by gender and for the total sample (e.g. 8% of in-school males report drunkenness while 13% of out-of school males do so. These proportions are statistically significantly different)

^bGender difference is statistically significant at the .05 level of significance

*p < .05; ** p < .01