Table 3.
Male | Female | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI for OR | OR | 95% CI for OR | OR | 95% CI for OR | OR | 95% CI for OR | |
Adverse childhood experiences | ||||||||
Frequency of food shortage (ref. not often/never) | ||||||||
Very often | 0.98 | [0.68,1.41] | 0.81 | [0.54,1.23] | 1.2 | [0.73,1.95] | 1.25 | [0.74,2.11] |
Somewhat often | 1.12 | [0.84,1.48] | 1.01 | [0.74,1.38] | 0.98 | [0.64,1.50] | 0.97 | [0.64,1.49] |
Lived in a house with an alcoholic before age 10 years | 2.54** | [1.95,3.31] | 2.33** | [1.74,3.11] | 3.07** | [2.18,4.32] | 2.68** | [1.89,3.80] |
Physically abused before age 10 years | 1.53** | [1.17,2.00] | 1.49** | [1.13,1.97] | 2.08** | [1.44,3.00] | 1.94** | [1.35,2.80] |
Coerced into having first sex | 1.26 | [0.50,3.16] | 1.03 | [0.39,2.72] | 1.91* | [1.14,3.20] | 1.67† | [0.93,3.00] |
Sociodemographics | ||||||||
Age | 1.24** | [1.17,1.32] | 1.03 | [0.93,1.13] | ||||
Importance of religion (ref. very important) | ||||||||
Somewhat important | 1.51* | [1.05,2.18] | 0.93 | [0.57,1.51] | ||||
Not important/no religion | 1.35 | [0.79,2.33] | 1.33 | [0.67,2.65] | ||||
In school (ref. out of school) | 0.56** | [0.41,0.77] | 0.51** | [0.33,0.78] | ||||
Female-headed household (ref. male-headed household) | 0.8 | [0.54,1.18] | 1.31 | [0.87,1.97] | ||||
Living arrangements (ref. both parents) | ||||||||
Mother only | 1.18 | [0.77,1.83] | 0.75 | [0.44,1.28] | ||||
Father only | 0.82 | [0.53,1.26] | 0.92 | [0.39,2.19] | ||||
Neither parent | 1.07 | [0.77,1.49] | 0.79 | [0.49,1.28] | ||||
Rural resident (ref. urban resident) | 0.68† | [0.47,1.00] | 1.26 | [0.81,1.95] | ||||
Ever married (ref. never married) | 1.78 | [0.77,4.13] | 1.01 | [0.54,1.89] | ||||
Country of survey (ref. Burkina Faso) | ||||||||
Ghana | 2.41** | [1.52,3.81] | 2.35** | [1.47,3.76] | ||||
Malawi | 2.00* | [1.17,3.41] | 0.69 | [0.28,1.70] | ||||
Uganda | 3.73** | [2.44,5.70] | 2.81** | [1.70,4.63] | ||||
Constant | 0.07** | [0.06,0.09] | 0.00** | [0.00,0.02] | 0.03** | [0.02,0.04] | 0.01** | [0.00,0.07] |
N | 4,968 | 4,943 | 4,851 | 4,832 |
Sample sizes are weighted and coefficients provided are odds ratios
†p < 0.10; *p < .05; ** p < .01