Table 3.

Adjusted odds ratio estimates of self-reported past-year drunkenness in the last 12 months, by gender

	Male				Female
	OR	95% CI for OR	OR	95% CI for OR	OR	95% CI for OR	OR	95% CI for OR
Adverse childhood experiences
Frequency of food shortage (ref. not often/never)
Very often	0.98	[0.68,1.41]	0.81	[0.54,1.23]	1.2	[0.73,1.95]	1.25	[0.74,2.11]
Somewhat often	1.12	[0.84,1.48]	1.01	[0.74,1.38]	0.98	[0.64,1.50]	0.97	[0.64,1.49]
Lived in a house with an alcoholic before age 10 years	2.54**	[1.95,3.31]	2.33**	[1.74,3.11]	3.07**	[2.18,4.32]	2.68**	[1.89,3.80]
Physically abused before age 10 years	1.53**	[1.17,2.00]	1.49**	[1.13,1.97]	2.08**	[1.44,3.00]	1.94**	[1.35,2.80]
Coerced into having first sex	1.26	[0.50,3.16]	1.03	[0.39,2.72]	1.91*	[1.14,3.20]	1.67†	[0.93,3.00]
Sociodemographics
Age			1.24**	[1.17,1.32]			1.03	[0.93,1.13]
Importance of religion (ref. very important)
Somewhat important			1.51*	[1.05,2.18]			0.93	[0.57,1.51]
Not important/no religion			1.35	[0.79,2.33]			1.33	[0.67,2.65]
In school (ref. out of school)			0.56**	[0.41,0.77]			0.51**	[0.33,0.78]
Female-headed household (ref. male-headed household)			0.8	[0.54,1.18]			1.31	[0.87,1.97]
Living arrangements (ref. both parents)
Mother only			1.18	[0.77,1.83]			0.75	[0.44,1.28]
Father only			0.82	[0.53,1.26]			0.92	[0.39,2.19]
Neither parent			1.07	[0.77,1.49]			0.79	[0.49,1.28]
Rural resident (ref. urban resident)			0.68†	[0.47,1.00]			1.26	[0.81,1.95]
Ever married (ref. never married)			1.78	[0.77,4.13]			1.01	[0.54,1.89]
Country of survey (ref. Burkina Faso)
Ghana			2.41**	[1.52,3.81]			2.35**	[1.47,3.76]
Malawi			2.00*	[1.17,3.41]			0.69	[0.28,1.70]
Uganda			3.73**	[2.44,5.70]			2.81**	[1.70,4.63]
Constant	0.07**	[0.06,0.09]	0.00**	[0.00,0.02]	0.03**	[0.02,0.04]	0.01**	[0.00,0.07]
N	4,968		4,943		4,851		4,832

Sample sizes are weighted and coefficients provided are odds ratios

^†p < 0.10; *p < .05; ** p < .01