Table 3. Values and references for ecological parameters in the simulations.^a .

Definition	Symbol	Value	References
Total number of cattle	Nc	1000	[43].
Total number of humans	Nh	1000	[43].
Diversion probability from an unprotected vertebrate host (cattle or human)	Δh,u	0.1	[43].
Mortality probability upon attacking an unprotected host	μh,u	0.1	[43].
Mean availability of individual unprotected humansb	ah,u	1.2×10−3	[43], [54], [79].
Mean availability of individual cattlec	ac
An. arabiensis		1.9×10−3	[43], [46], [54].
An. gambiae s.s.		2.5×10−5	[43], [46], [54].
Total availability of aquatic habitats	Aa	3	[43].
Duration of gestation	g	2
Proportion of mosquitoes surviving per day while feeding while resting	P	0.9	[43].
Proportion of mosquitoes surviving per day while foraging for hosts or oviposition sites	Pov	0.8	[43].
Duration of the parasite sporogonic development period	n	11	[43].
Human infectiousness to mosquitoes	κ	0.03	[43].
Total number of adult mosquitoes emerging per year	E	2.0×107	This paper.

^aThis table contains only those ecological parameters considered to be necessary for the primary understanding and parameterization of the model. A full listing of all ecological parameters is available in tables 1 and 2 and in file S1, within the spreadsheet containing the model. All entries refer to mean parameter values in this deterministic model.

^bThe value of the parameter is equivalent to attacks per day per host-seeking vector per unprotected human.

^cThe value of the parameter is equivalent to attacks per day per host-seeking vector per individual head of cattle and was different for the two vector species Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. With the exception of this parameter, all the other values are assumed to be identical for both species.