Figure 2. Oxygen-dependent HIF-1 activation in HeLa-229 cells and NHEKs (Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes) by bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Four to six hours upon infection, HIF-1 activation was determined by Western blotting (loading control: actin). pO₂ levels were quantified in the medium of control and infected cells (A: S. aureus ATCC 33592, MOI 20, infection time: six hours; B: S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, MOI 20, infection time: six hours; C: E. coli ATCC 25992, MOI 10, infection time: four hours). Negative control: uninfected cells, positive control: hypoxia or DFO (200 µmol/L).