Table 4.
Maximal Walking Speed (in meters per second) by Sleep-Related Factors in Women
| 55–64 y |
≥65 y |
|||||||
| Unadjusted |
Adjusted* |
Unadjusted |
Adjusted* |
|||||
| Mean (SE) | p | Mean (SE) | p | Mean (SE) | p | Mean (SE) | p | |
| Sleep duration, h | ||||||||
| ≤6 | 1.51 (0.03) | .32† | 1.45 (0.06) | .77† | 1.15 (0.03) | .02† | 1.26 (0.05) | .46† |
| 7–8 | 1.57 (0.02) | 1.48 (0.05) | 1.25 (0.02) | 1.30 (0.04) | ||||
| ≥9 | 1.56 (0.04) | .94† | 1.47 (0.06) | .93† | 0.95 (0.04) | <.001† | 1.20 (0.05) | .04† |
| Insomnia-related symptoms | ||||||||
| Sleeping disorders or insomnia | ||||||||
| No | 1.57 (0.02) | .05‡ | 1.49 (0.05) | .39‡ | 1.17 (0.02) | .05‡ | 1.27 (0.04) | .28‡ |
| Somewhat | 1.58 (0.03) | 1.52 (0.05) | 1.13 (0.03) | 1.23 (0.04) | ||||
| Much or very much | 1.48 (0.03) | 1.45 (0.05) | 1.09 (0.03) | 1.24 (0.05) | ||||
| Difficulties in getting sleep without sleeping medicine | ||||||||
| No | 1.57 (0.02) | .12‡ | 1.46 (0.05) | .86‡ | 1.20 (0.02) | .01‡ | 1.30 (0.05) | .33‡ |
| Sometimes | 1.59 (0.02) | 1.50 (0.05) | 1.19 (0.03) | 1.25 (0.05) | ||||
| Often or always | 1.47 (0.04) | 1.42 (0.06) | 1.09 (0.03) | 1.27 (0.05) | ||||
| Awaking in the small hours or very early | ||||||||
| No or sometimes | 1.58 (0.3) | .06‡ | 1.49 (0.05) | .23‡ | 1.29 (0.38) | .31‡ | 1.28 (0.04) | .33‡ |
| Often or always | 1.53 (0.3) | 1.46 (0.05) | 1.27 (0.37) | 1.25 (0.05) | ||||
| Fatigue | ||||||||
| Weakness or tiredness | ||||||||
| No | 1.61 (0.02) | <.001‡ | 1.54 (0.05) | .01‡ | 1.28 (0.02) | <.001‡ | 1.35 (0.04) | <.001‡ |
| Somewhat | 1.51 (0.03) | 1.46 (0.05) | 1.12 (0.03) | 1.28 (0.04) | ||||
| Much or very much | 1.41 (0.04) | 1.46 (0.06) | 0.82 (0.03) | 1.14 (0.05) | ||||
| Overstrained or exhaustion | ||||||||
| No | 1.58 (0.02) | .06‡ | 1.50 (0.05) | .36‡ | 1.19 (0.02) | <.001‡ | 1.29 (0.04) | .07‡ |
| Somewhat | 1.51 (0.03) | 1.45 (0.06) | 1.09 (0.03) | 1.23 (0.05) | ||||
| Much or very much | 1.52 (0.05) | 1.48 (0.06) | 0.96 (0.05) | 1.23 (0.05) | ||||
| Exceptional tiredness | ||||||||
| No | 1.62 (0.02) | <.001‡ | 1.54 (0.06) | .06‡ | 1.24 (0.02) | <.001‡ | 1.34 (0.06) | .55‡ |
| Often or always | 1.48 (0.03) | 1.46 (0.06) | 1.01 (0.04) | 1.31 (0.05) | ||||
Notes: *Adjusted for education, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, use of medication (for sleep problems, vertigo, depression, anxiety, and neurological symptoms), and diseases (heart, lung, diabetes, depression, and osteoarthritis). P values showing statistically significant difference between subgroups (p < 0.05) are bolded.
†
Univariate testing, 7–8 h is the reference group.
‡
Trend test for linearity.