Undjusted and Adjusted Coefficients from Hierarchical Linear Models Estimating the Effects of Nurse Burnout and Nurse Work Environment on Patient Satisfaction
| Beta coefficients
(95% CI) |
Intra class Correlation Hospital Unit level | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
| Emotional exhaustion | −0.40** (−0.68–—0.12) | −0.37** (—0.64–—0.09) | 17.79% |
| Depersonalization | −0.18 (−1.05–0.68) | −0.16 (—0.85–0.52) | 21.76% |
| Personal accomplishment | 0.75** (0.15–1.36) | 0.56** (0.08–1.04) | 18.40% |
| Nurse work environment | 1.16** (0.65–1.67) | 1.52** (0.84–2.19) | 13.40% |
Notes: All estimates are from hierarchical linear models (HLM) with random intercepts in which patients are nested in hospital units. Unadjusted estimates are from bivariate models; adjusted where estimates are from models that control for patients' sex, age, race, risk factors, illness severity, and hospital and unit characteristics (hospital size and the technology available in the hospital, unit size [average daily census], unit staffing [the ratio of RNs to average daily census], and unit skill mix [the ratio of RNs to total nursing staff]). The effect of nurse work environment on patient satisfaction was further adjusted by controlling for the effects of the 3 burnout dimensions. The intraclass correlation was calculated as the percentage of the variance attributable to the unit level compared with the total variance from the unadjusted model. Double asterisks indicate effects that are significant at the 0.01 level.
CI = confidence interval.