Estimated Differences in Outcomes Between Hospital Units With Good, Mixed, and Poor Practice Environments, Under Linear and Nonlinear Models, and Information Related to the Linear Specification

		Estimated Practice Environment Effect
Dependent Variable		Mixed vs. Poor	Good vs. Mixed	Improvement Chi-Squared	Difference Chi-Squared	Variation Explained
Emotional exhaustion	Linear model	0.59	0.59	22.6*	3.7	86%
	Nonlinear model	0.86	0.43	26.3*
Depersonalization	Linear model	0.68	0.68	12.0*	0.2	98%
	Nonlinear model	0.74	0.64	12.2*
Personal accomplishment	Linear model	0.93	0.93	0.1	0.3	…
	Nonlinear model	1.10	0.84	0.4
Intention to leave	Linear model	0.63	0.63	18.0*	0.1	99%
	Nonlinear model	0.64	0.60	18.1*
Patient satisfaction	Linear model	1.49	1.49	9.2*	1.2	88%
	Nonlinear model	1.26	1.83	10.4*

Notes: The practice environment effect is estimated by odds ratios under the linear and nonlinear models, which indicate the differences between hospital units with mixed vs. poor environments, and good vs. mixed environments. The improvement chi-squared indicates how greatly these 2 models improve on a baseline model that includes nurse (or patient) characteristics but excludes the practice environment effect. The difference chi-squared represents the difference in the fit of the 2 models with 1 degree of freedom. The variation explained is an R-square analog obtained by dividing the improvement chi-squared for the linear model by the improvement chi-squared for the nonlinear model. Asterisks denote whether models significantly improve on the baseline model, or significantly differ from one another, at the 0.05 level.