(A) RAW264.7 macrophages were infected with wild-type and various mutant strains and lysed at 2 and 16 h p.i. for enumeration of intracellular bacteria. The values shown represent the fold increase calculated as a ratio of the intracellular bacteria between 16 and 2 h and normalized to that of the wild-type strain. Values are means ± SD (n = 6). (B) Both PipB2 and SopD2 impact the virulence attenuation of a sifA
− mutant in the mouse model. Mice were inoculated i.p. with a mixture of two strains. Two days after infection, spleens were harvested for bacterial counts. COIs of sifA−sopD2− (n = 4), sifA−sopD2−pipB− (n = 4), sifA−sopD2−pipB2− (n = 10), sifA−sseJ− (n = 4), against the sifA− strain and the CI of sifA−sopD2−pipB2− against the wild-type (WT) strain (n = 6) were determined. Each symbol represents the COI/CI from one mouse, and horizontal bars correspond to the means ± SD. A one-sample t test was used to determine whether the mean value was significantly different from 1. (A and B) P-values: ns, not significant; *, P<0.05; ***, P<0.001.