Table 2.
Dosage-response effects of different probiotic strains on lipid profiles.
| Products/Probiotic strains | Experimenta l design | Animals/Subjects | Dose; duration of the study | Effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Animal models | |||||
| L. plantarum CK 102(healthy human isolate) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel. | 32 Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats; 5 weeks old; induced hypercholesterolemic; mean BW of 129 ± 1 g. | 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL daily, 6 weeks. | TC: 27.9% decrease (P < 0.05) LDL-C: 28.7% decrease (P < 0.05) TG: 61.6% decrease (P < 0.05) | [70] |
| L. acidophilus (wild chickens & human isolates) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel. | 30 Awassi weaning lambs; hypercholesterolemic ; mean BW of 55.1 ± 3.4 & 57.9 ± 4.7 kg for the treated & control groups, respectively. | 1 × 109 CFU/capsule, 2 capsules daily, 120 days. | TC: 22.6% decrease (P < 0.05) [treatment group with mean plasma TC of 72.8 ± 5.7 mg/100 mL; control group with mean plasma TC of 94.0 ± 7.8 mg/100 mL] | [69] |
| L. plantarum KCTC3928 (Cellbiotech Co. Ltd, Korea) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel. | 21 six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice; induced hypercholesterolemic. | 1 × 109 CFU/mL of L. plantarum KCTC3928, 4 weeks. | TC: 33% decrease (P < 0.05) LDL-C: 42% decrease (P < 0.05) TG: 32% decrease (P < 0.05) HDL-C: 35% increase (P < 0.05) |
[72] |
|
Human models | |||||
| L. plantarum 299v (ProViva) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel. | 36 healthy volunteers with moderately elevated fibrinogen concentrations (>3.0 g/L); 35–45 years old; mean TC of 5.59 ± 0.88 mmol/L for treatment group & 5.51 ± 0.75 mmol/L for control group. | 400 mL of rose-hip drink containing 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL daily, 6 weeks. | TC: 2.5% decrease LDL-C: 7.9% decrease | [68] |
| Enterococcus faecium & 2 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus (Causido®; Gaio®) | Randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, crossover. | 32 patients; 36–65 years old; mean TC of 248.47 ± 26.75 mg/dL, mean LDL-C of 172.22 ± 21.17 mg/dL. | 200 g of Gaio® containing 105–109/mL of E. faecium & 5–20 × 108/mL of S. thermophilus daily, 16 weeks. | TC: 5.3% decrease (P = 0.004) LDL-C: 6.15% decrease (P = 0.012) |
[73] |
TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; BW: body weight.