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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: J Marriage Fam. 2007 Aug 1;69(3):793–809. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00406.x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Environmental and Genetic Confounds to Intergenerational Relations.

Note: Reciprocal effects are not considered in the current model. The direct path between the parental and the child trait is referred to as the quasicausal effect because it is consistent with a causal association but does not prove causality.