Local models of dendritic and somatic dual electroresponsiveness (see text). (A) Plateaus triggered by a depolarizing current pulse (100 ms, 130 nA/cm2, blue traces) with different Idc values (nA/cm2). (B) Ca spiking (Iϕ = 103 nA/cm2. (C) Bifurcation diagram of the dendritic model. R: resting state; M: middle branch; P: plateau; Ω: bistability zone; H: Hopf bifurcation; (u)sLC: (un)stable limit cycles; sn: stable node; s: saddle. (D) Valleys triggered by a hyperpolarizing current pulse (100 ms, −130 nA/cm2) with different Idc values. (E) Bifurcation analysis of the isolated soma model. (E1) Soma bistability (Iϕ = −150 nA/cm2 and 150 nA/cm2). (E2) Bifurcation diagram. F, Fl, Hm: fold, flip and homoclinic bifurcations. Inset: Spontaneously resetting Na plateau with Idc lying between Hm and Fl; scale bars: 20 mV/ 200 ms. (E3) Magnification of the rectangle shown in E2. (E4) f-I relation.