Table 4. Risk of childhood cancer associated with missing paternal data as SES indicator, by cancer typea.
| Cancer type | No. of cases with no paternal data | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cancers | 920 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 1.04 |
| Leukemia | 262 | 0.86 | 0.74 | 1.01 |
| ALL | 209 | 0.86 | 0.72 | 1.03 |
| AML | 38 | 0.82 | 0.56 | 1.20 |
| Lymphoma | 71 | 0.80 | 0.59 | 1.09 |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | 22 | 1.06 | 0.60 | 1.87 |
| NHL | 27 | 0.86 | 0.55 | 1.37 |
| Burkitt's | 9 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 1.12 |
| CNS | 183 | 0.86 | 0.72 | 1.04 |
| Ependymoma | 18 | 0.64 | 0.36 | 1.13 |
| Astrocytoma | 86 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 1.31 |
| Intracranial embryonal | 39 | 0.81 | 0.55 | 1.17 |
| Other gliomas | 26 | 0.88 | 0.54 | 1.44 |
| Sympathetic nervous system | 94 | 1.10 | 0.87 | 1.40 |
| Neuroblastoma | 93 | 1.10 | 0.86 | 1.40 |
| Retinoblastoma | 49 | 1.01 | 0.71 | 1.42 |
| Renal tumours | 81 | 0.99 | 0.75 | 1.29 |
| Wilm's tumor | 79 | 0.97 | 0.74 | 1.28 |
| Hepatic tumours | 30 | 1.23 | 0.77 | 1.97 |
| Hepatoblastoma | 24 | 1.14 | 0.68 | 1.90 |
| Bone tumours | 25 | 1.10 | 0.66 | 1.85 |
| Osteosarcoma | 15 | 0.90 | 0.43 | 1.89 |
| Ewing's sarcoma | 6 | 0.87 | 0.34 | 2.22 |
| Soft-tissue sarcomas | 73 | 1.40 | 1.05 | 1.87 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 45 | 1.59 | 1.11 | 2.29 |
| Germ-cell tumours | 30 | 0.91 | 0.58 | 1.43 |
| Extracranial germ-cell tumours | 8 | 0.95 | 0.42 | 2.18 |
| Gonadal germ-cell tumours | 15 | 1.06 | 0.58 | 1.91 |
| Other epithelial | 15 | 1.04 | 0.54 | 2.01 |
Abbreviations: ALL=acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML=acute myeloid leukemia; CI=confidence interval; CNS=central nervous system; NHL=non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; OR=odds ratio; SES=socioeconomic status.
a
Observations with some paternal data as referent; adjusted for maternal age group, maternal race/ethnicity, sex, state, birth year, birth order, birth weight and gestational age.