Table 5.
Adjusted hazard ratios for risk of End Stage Kidney Failure using the QResearch derivation cohort
|
Adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI) women |
Adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI) men |
|
|---|---|---|
| Ethnic group | ||
| White or ethnicity not recorded | ||
| Indian§ | 1.16 (.691 to 1.94) | 1.37 (0.90 to 2.07) |
| Pakistani§ | 2.48 (1.54 to 3.98) | 1.83 (1.05 to 3.18) |
| Bangladeshi§ | 0.93 (0.30 to 2.90) | 1.22 (0.54 to 2.75) |
| Other Asian§ | 3.07 (1.64 to 5.76) | 2.39 (1.19 to 4.81) |
| Black Caribbean§ | 1.01 (0.64 to 1.61) | 1.56 (1.01 to 2.43) |
| Black African§ | 1.63 (0.89 to 2.99) | 1.87 (0.99 to 3.51) |
| Chinese§ | 3.50 (1.56 to 7.84) | insufficient numbers |
| Other ethnic group§ | 1.36 (0.82 to 2.23) | 0.96 (0.52 to 1.79) |
| Co-morbidity | ||
| Type 1 diabetes ± | 22.3 (14.7 to 33.8) | 11.3 (7.59 to 16.9) |
| Type 2 diabetes ± | 4.68 (3.58 to 6.11) | 2.79 (2.17 to 3.58) |
| Cardiovascular disease ± | 1.35 (1.14 to 1.58) | 1.34 (1.18 to 1.53) |
| Congestive cardiac failure ± | 4.45 (3.55 to 5.57) | 4.02 (3.33 to 4.86) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.23) | 1.98 (1.62 to 2.42) |
| Treated hypertension ± | 4.8 (3.96 to 5.82) | 6.77 (5.71 to 8.02) |
| Family history of kidney disease ± | 6.41 (2.4 to 17.1) | 9.68 (4.01 to 23.4) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis ± | 1.52 (1.1 to 2.1) | 1.53 (1.01 to 2.34) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosis ± | 4.69 (2.63 to 8.35) | n/a |
| History of kidney stones ± | 2.07 (1.34 to 3.19) | n/a |
| Smoking status | ||
| Non smoker | ||
| Ex smoker ± | 1.22 (1.06 to 1.40) | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.3) |
| Light smoker ± | 1.45 (1.13 to 1.85) | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.41) |
| Moderate smoker ± | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.38) | 1.33 (1.09 to 1.63) |
| Heavy smoker ± | 1.43 (1.11 to 1.83) | 1.09 (.858 to 1.38) |
| Townsend score (per 5 unit increase) | 1.23 (1.13 to 1.34) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.19) |
± compared with patients without the condition/medication at baseline.
§ Compared with patients in the white/not recorded group
Models also included fractional polynomial terms for age, body mass index and systolic blood pressure. The fractional polynomial terms were as follows:
Both sexes: age terms were (age/10)3 and (age/10)3*ln(age/10)
Both sexes: bmi terms were (bmi/10)-2 and (bmi/10)-2*ln(bmi/10)
Women: sbp terms were (sbp/100)-2 and (sbp/100)-2*ln(sbp/100)
Men: sbp terms were (sbp/100)-2 and (sbp/100)-0.5
The model also included interactions between the age terms and type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and treated hypertension