Chemical structures of six Saururus cernuus lignans and their effects on HIF-1 activity in T47D cells. The structures, trivial names, and numbers are shown in (A). Dose response studies were performed in T47D cells using a dual luciferase reporter assay to determine the effects of 1–3 on HIF-1 activation by hypoxia (B) and by 10 µM 1,10-phenanthroline (C). Compound 6 was included as a positive control. The cells were exposed to test compounds for 30 min prior to hypoxic exposure (16 h, 1% O2) or 1,10- phenanthroline treatment under normoxic conditions (16 h, 95% Air). Data are presented as averages from one representative experiment performed in triplicate and the error bars represent standard error.