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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 18.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosurg Focus. 2009 Apr;26(4):E5. doi: 10.3171/2009.1.FOCUS08300

TABLE 1.

Imaging techniques used to evaluate moyamoya disease*

Modality Contrast Radiation Dose (mSv) Hemodynamic Measures Brain Coverage Quantitative Accuracy Variability (%)
PET 15O2, C15O2, H215O 0.5–2 CBF, CBV, rOEF whole good 5
SPECT 133Xe, 99mTc-HMPAO, 99Tc-ECD, 123I-IMP 3.5–12 CBF whole good for 133Xe, 123I-IMP 10
Xe-CT stable xenon gas 3.5–10 CBF 6 cm thick good 12
dynamic perfusion CT iodinated 2–3 CBF, CBV, MTT, Tmax 4–5 cm thick moderate 10–15
DSC MRI Gd none CBF, CBV, MTT, Tmax whole — 10–15
ASL MRI none none CBF whole moderate 10
Doppler US none none ICA-BFV hemisphere good for hemispheric CBF 5
*

BFV = blood flow volume; 123I-IMP = N-isopropyl [123I]p-iodoamphetamine; mSv = millisievert; 99mTc-ECD = [99mTc]bicisate (ethyl cysteine dimer); 99mTc-HMPAO = [99mTc]hexamethylpropylenamine oxime; US = ultrasonography; — = insufficient data.