Table 2.
Multivariate hazard ratiosa for all-cause mortalityb and lymphoma-specific mortalityc using Cox Proportional Hazards model for adolescent and young adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.
| ACM | LSM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Female | 0.54 (0.47–0.63)* | 0.65 (0.57–0.75)* | 0.79 (0.66-0.93)* | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) |
| Age at Diagnosis | ||||
| By year | 1.01 (1.00–1.02)* | 1.02 (1.01–1.03)* | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.50 (1.20–1.86)* | 1.13 (0.90–1.41) | 1.38 (1.03–1.86)* | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1.30 (1.13–1.49)* | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 1.27 (1.06–1.53) | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) | 1.35 (1.04–1.74)* | 1.52 (1.17–1.98)* |
| Stage | ||||
| Local | 1.00 (Ref)† | 1.00 (Ref)† | 1.00 (Ref)† | 1.00 (Ref)† |
| Regional | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 1.28 (1.02–1.62)* | 1.85 (1.39–2.47)* | 1.62 (1.21–2.18)* |
| Distant | 2.94 (2.50–3.46) | 3.16 (2.63–3.81)* | 3.68 (2.91–4.65)* | 3.14 (2.42–4.06)* |
| Nodality | ||||
| Nodal | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Extranodal | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 1.29 (1.11–1.50)* | 0.71 (0.59–0.86)* | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) |
| First-course Chemotherapy | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| No | 0.75 (0.62–0.91)* | 1.27 (1.02-1.57)* | 0.24 (0.16–0.36)* | 0.37 (0.24–0.57)* |
| First-course Radiation | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| No | 1.31 (1.15–1.50) | 0.94 (0.82–1.09) | 1.43 (1.19–1.71)* | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) |
| nSES | ||||
| Highest | 1.00 (Ref)† | 1.00 (Ref)† | 1.00 (Ref)† | 1.00 (Ref)† |
| High | 1.22 (0.98–1.50) | 1.15 (0.93–1.42) | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) | 1.08 (0.81–1.41) |
| Middle | 1.33 (1.08–1.63)* | 1.20 (0.97–1.48) | 1.27 (0.98–1.66) | 1.21 (0.93–1.59) |
| Low | 1.67 (1.37–2.05)* | 1.39 (1.12–1.71)* | 1.62 (1.26–2.10)* | 1.49 (1.14–1.96)* |
| Lowest | 1.97 (1.62–2.40)* | 1.40 (1.13–1.75)* | 1.70 (1.31–2.20)* | 1.38 (1.04–1.84)* |
| Insurance | ||||
| None | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Managed or Private | 0.62 (0.47–0.82)* | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | 0.74 (0.52–1.07) | 0.96 (0.66–1.39) |
| Government | 1.41 (1.07–1.87)* | 1.32 (1.00–1.75) | 1.24 (0.85–1.81) | 1.16 (0.79–1.70) |
| Unknown | 0.87 (0.63–1.21) | 0.96 (0.69–1.33) | 0.88 (0.57–1.37) | 0.89 (0.65–1.20) |
Source: California Cancer Registry. Individuals diagnosed between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2005. Abbreviations: nSES: neighborhood socioeconomic status, ACM: all-cause mortality, LSM: lymphoma-specific mortality, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, Ref: reference.
aAll adjusted hazard ratios are fully adjusted for the other variables in the model, in addition to major histology (Burkitt's, follicular, lymphoblastic, diffuse large B-cell, anaplastic, and other/unknown) and diagnostic year. Results for individuals with race/ethnicity other than what is listed (N = 40), or cases missing data for stage (N = 202) or chemotherapy (N = 42) were excluded from analysis.
bACM: N = 3,489, with 1,081 deaths.
cLSM: N = 3,489, with 593 deaths.
*Test for significance at α = 0.05.
†Test for trend significant at α = 0.05.