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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Jul;19(7):1696–1708. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0318

Table 4.

Associations of fish oil supplement use with subsets of breast cancer defined by histology and stage, among female VITAL participants, (n=35,016)

Fish Oil*
Non-User Current User
Cases/Non-Cases HR (95% CI), Cases/Non-Cases HR (95% CI),
Histology
   Ductal Carcinoma (n=632) 579/30331 1.00 referent 29/2668 0.56 (0.38-0.83)
   Lobular Carcinoma (n=172) 153/30331 1.00 referent 13/2668 1.08 (0.59-1.96)
   p-diff < 0.05
SEER Summary Stage
   Local (n=626) 578/30331 1.00 referent 29/2668 0.57 (0.38-0.84)
   Regional/Distant (n=251) 221/30331 1.00 referent 18/2668 0.97 (0.59-1.61)
   p-diff 0.06
Hormone Receptor Status
   ER+ (n=737) 669/30331 1.00 referent 29/2668 0.64 (0.46-0.91)
   ER− (n=125) 118/30331 1.00 referent 1/2668 0.61 (0.27-1.40)
   p-diff 0.49
   PR+ (n=640) 584/30331 1.00 referent 22/2668 0.63 (0.43-0.92)
   PR− (n=221) 202/30331 1.00 referent 8/2668 0.67 (0.36-1.23)
   p-diff 0.96
*

Former users dropped from analysis

HR, Hazards Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval

Adjusted for age, race, education, body mass index, height, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first birth, history of hysterectomy, years of hormone therapy, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast biopsy, mammography, low-dose aspirin use, regular aspirin use, ibuprofen use, naproxen use, use of multivitamins, memory loss, and coronary artery disease