Figure 1.

Oligosaccharide-related molecules in this review. (a) Reaction pathway catalyzed by Fut8. Expression of Fut8 was increased at the early phase of carcinogenesis and decreased at the advanced stage. (b) Reaction pathway catalyzed by GnT-V. Expression of GnT-V was up-regulated in a two-step manner. (c) Structure of GPC3. GPC 3 is a proteoglycan with two oligosaccharides at the 494 and 508 amino acid residues and binds to cell membranes through a GPI-anchor. GPC3-deficient mice showed overgrowth a14-day embryo stage.