Table 2.
Characteristic | Usual Care (n=20) | Guided Care (n=18) | ρa |
---|---|---|---|
Physician characteristics | |||
Age, mean years (SD) | 45.8 (8.2) | 45.9 (9.8) | 0.976 |
Female, No. (%) | 5 (25) | 9 (50) | 0.179 |
Race, No. (%) | 0.840 | ||
White | 12 (60) | 12 (67) | |
Black | 4 (20) | 2 (11) | |
Asian | 4 (20) | 3 (17) | |
Other | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | |
Panel size, mean (SD), No. | 1,430 (440) | 1,584 (570) | 0.533 |
Panel aged ≥65 y, mean (SD), No. | 23 (12) | 23 (11) | 0.784 |
Practice characteristics | |||
Insurance types accepted, No. (%) | 0.899 | ||
Fee for service | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
Mixed | 9 (45) | 7 (39) | |
Health maintenance organization | 9 (45) | 9 (50) | |
Ownership, No. (%) | 1.000 | ||
Not-for-profit | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | |
For-profit | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
Location, No. (%) | 0.193 | ||
Urban | 13 (65) | 7 (39) | |
Suburban | 7 (35) | 11 (61) | |
Age of practice, mean (SD), y | 20.3 (7.4) | 18.8 (7.9) | 0.731 |
Annual patient visits, No. (%) | 0.963 | ||
<40,000 | 9 (45) | 7 (39) | |
40,000–80,000 | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
80,000–120,000 | 6 (30) | 5 (28) | |
≥120,000 | 3 (15) | 4 (22) | |
Full-time equivalent personnel in practice, No. (%) | 1.000 | ||
<30 | 3 (15) | 3 (17) | |
30–40 | 9 (45) | 7 (39) | |
40–50 | 6 (30) | 6 (33) | |
≥50 | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
Full-time physicians, mean (SD), No. | 9.8 (4.2) | 10.8 (3.9) | 0.507 |
Registered nurse-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.079 |
Nurse-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.090 |
Physician assistant-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.346 |
Administrative staff-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.2 (1.2) | 0.792 |
Use of electronic medical record, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 0.656 |
Use of patient registries, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 14 (78) | 0.128 |
Use of reminders for patients, No. (%) | 20 (100) | 18 (100) | – |
Use of reminders for physicians, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 1.000 |
Use of electronic communication among clinicians, No. (%) | 20 (100) | 18 (100) | – |
Provision of readily available evidence-based guidelines, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 1.000 |
Encouragement of continuing medical education, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 11 (61) | 0.752 |
Access to on-site social worker, No. (%) | 6 (30) | 4 (22) | 0.719 |
Access to a case manager, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 1.000 |
Patient/caregiver support group, No. (%) | 7 (35) | 2 (11) | 0.130 |
Financial performance, No. (%) | 1.000 | ||
Profit/margin | 15 (75) | 13 (72) | |
Balanced | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
Deficit | 3 (15) | 3 (17) | |
Proportion of capitated patients, No. (%) | 0.576 | ||
<30% | 9 (45) | 9 (50) | |
30%–45% | 5 (25) | 2 (11) | |
100% | 6 (30) | 7 (39) | |
Use of practice productivity incentives, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 9 (50) | 1.000 |
a Significance of Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.