Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Physicians Who Completed Both Surveys
| Characteristic | Usual Care (n=20) | Guided Care (n=18) | ρa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician characteristics | |||
| Age, mean years (SD) | 45.8 (8.2) | 45.9 (9.8) | 0.976 |
| Female, No. (%) | 5 (25) | 9 (50) | 0.179 |
| Race, No. (%) | 0.840 | ||
| White | 12 (60) | 12 (67) | |
| Black | 4 (20) | 2 (11) | |
| Asian | 4 (20) | 3 (17) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | |
| Panel size, mean (SD), No. | 1,430 (440) | 1,584 (570) | 0.533 |
| Panel aged ≥65 y, mean (SD), No. | 23 (12) | 23 (11) | 0.784 |
| Practice characteristics | |||
| Insurance types accepted, No. (%) | 0.899 | ||
| Fee for service | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
| Mixed | 9 (45) | 7 (39) | |
| Health maintenance organization | 9 (45) | 9 (50) | |
| Ownership, No. (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Not-for-profit | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | |
| For-profit | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
| Location, No. (%) | 0.193 | ||
| Urban | 13 (65) | 7 (39) | |
| Suburban | 7 (35) | 11 (61) | |
| Age of practice, mean (SD), y | 20.3 (7.4) | 18.8 (7.9) | 0.731 |
| Annual patient visits, No. (%) | 0.963 | ||
| <40,000 | 9 (45) | 7 (39) | |
| 40,000–80,000 | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
| 80,000–120,000 | 6 (30) | 5 (28) | |
| ≥120,000 | 3 (15) | 4 (22) | |
| Full-time equivalent personnel in practice, No. (%) | 1.000 | ||
| <30 | 3 (15) | 3 (17) | |
| 30–40 | 9 (45) | 7 (39) | |
| 40–50 | 6 (30) | 6 (33) | |
| ≥50 | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
| Full-time physicians, mean (SD), No. | 9.8 (4.2) | 10.8 (3.9) | 0.507 |
| Registered nurse-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.079 |
| Nurse-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.090 |
| Physician assistant-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.346 |
| Administrative staff-to-physician ratio, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.2 (1.2) | 0.792 |
| Use of electronic medical record, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 0.656 |
| Use of patient registries, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 14 (78) | 0.128 |
| Use of reminders for patients, No. (%) | 20 (100) | 18 (100) | – |
| Use of reminders for physicians, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 1.000 |
| Use of electronic communication among clinicians, No. (%) | 20 (100) | 18 (100) | – |
| Provision of readily available evidence-based guidelines, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 1.000 |
| Encouragement of continuing medical education, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 11 (61) | 0.752 |
| Access to on-site social worker, No. (%) | 6 (30) | 4 (22) | 0.719 |
| Access to a case manager, No. (%) | 18 (90) | 16 (89) | 1.000 |
| Patient/caregiver support group, No. (%) | 7 (35) | 2 (11) | 0.130 |
| Financial performance, No. (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Profit/margin | 15 (75) | 13 (72) | |
| Balanced | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | |
| Deficit | 3 (15) | 3 (17) | |
| Proportion of capitated patients, No. (%) | 0.576 | ||
| <30% | 9 (45) | 9 (50) | |
| 30%–45% | 5 (25) | 2 (11) | |
| 100% | 6 (30) | 7 (39) | |
| Use of practice productivity incentives, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 9 (50) | 1.000 |
a Significance of Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.