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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Res. 2010 Jul 7;70(14):5797–5806. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3669

Figure 2.

Figure 2

MKK4 is required for skin tumor formation. mkk4skin+/+ and mkk4skin−/− animals were treated with DMBA/TPA. Controls correspond to age matched untreated mkk4skin+/+ mice. A, Representative picture of mice bearing papillomas 20 weeks after TPA treatment. B, Papillomas on the back skin of the mice were counted. The data, expressed as the mean +/− standard error (SE), were generated from three independent experiments (n = 10). C, H&E staining of sections of skin biopsies 20 weeks after TPA treatment demonstrates that DMBA/TPA treatment significantly increases the thickness of the epidermis of mkk4skin+/+, but not that of mkk4skin−/−, animals. Concomitantly, the loss of MKK4 prevents the expansion of a population of epithelial cells expressing the progenitor cell marker K6 as demonstrated by immunostaining with a specific antibody to K6. Scale bar represents 50 μM.