FIG. 1.

PERMEATE pulse sequence design (5) with M echo trains (TE ranging from TE₁ to TE_M) following a spectral-spatial excitation pulse. Each echo train represents an N-fold undersampled k-space, which can be reconstructed into a separate image using GRAPPA weights determined by the first N interleaves of each fMRI experiment. G_ro = readout gradient, G_pe = phase-encoding gradient, G_slc = slice-selective gradient, RF = radiofrequency excitation pulse and signal readout.