Fig. 1.

Maps of the three study metapopulations showing the spread of Bd and frog population status (adults only) during a 4-year period following the initial detection of Bd. Depicted are Milestone Basin (A–E), Sixty Lake Basin (F–J), and Barrett Lakes Basin (K–O). Lake color (green, yellow, and black) shows the Bd infection and frog population status, and the light gray shaded region surrounds the area in which frog populations were Bd-positive in each year. Lakes shown with a thick black outline are fishless, and a thin gray outline indicates that nonnative fish were present (details on the historic fish distribution are presented in SI Text). The infection status of frog populations depicted in A and K is based on mouthpart surveys of 459 tadpoles. The infection status of frog populations in B–J and L–O is based on 4,591 skin swabs analyzed using a real-time PCR assay.