Table 2.
Characteristics of HIV-exposed infants tested and not tested for HIV by DNA PCR, and of infants testing PCR positive and PCR negative in the Tanzania Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) pilot program
| HIV-exposed infants not tested |
HIV-exposed infants tested* |
Total | p-value§ | Infants with a positive first DNA PCR * |
Infants with a negative first DNA PCR * |
p-value§ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 69 (%) | n = 441(%) | n = 510 (%) | n = 75 (%) | n = 361 (%) | |||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 16(23%) | 252(57%) | 268 (53%) | <0.01 | 45(60%) | 206(57%) | 0.82 |
| Female | 8(12%) | 188(43%) | 196 (38%) | 30(40%) | 154(43%) | ||
| Missing data | 45(65%) | 1(0%) | 46(9%) | 0(0%) | 1(0%) | ||
| Age at registration β | |||||||
| Less than 6 weeks | 62(90%) | 57(13%) | 119 (23%) | <0.01 | 10(13%) | 46(13%) | 0.22 |
| 6 weeks - < 6 months | 2(3%) | 218(49%) | 220 (43%) | 36(48%) | 179(50%) | ||
| 6 months - < 12 months | 1(1%) | 108(25%) | 109 (21%) | 14(19%) | 93(26%) | ||
| ≥ 12 months | 4(6%) | 58(13%) | 62 (12%) | 15(20%) | 43(12%) | ||
| Initiated cotrimoxazole prophylaxis | |||||||
| Yes | 54(78%) | 432(98%) | 486 (95%) | <0.01 | 75(100%) | 352(98%) | 0.18 |
| No | 9(13%) | 9(2%) | 18 (4%) | 0(0%) | 9(2%) | ||
| Missing data | 6(9%) | 0(0%) | 6(1%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | ||
| Health facility where EID€ services were received | |||||||
| Regional Hospital 1 | 0(0%) | 93(21%) | 93 (18%) | <0.01 | 14(19%) | 76(21%) | 0.75 |
| Regional Hospital 2 | 59(86%) | 122(28%) | 181 (35%) | 18(24%) | 103(29%) | ||
| Zonal Hospital | 1(1%) | 140(32%) | 141 (28%) | 27(36%) | 112(31%) | ||
| Health Centre | 9(13%) | 86(20%) | 95(19%) | 16(21%) | 70(19%) | ||
| Referral source of HIV-exposed infants | |||||||
| HIV Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) | 2(3%) | 205(47%) | 207 (41%) | <0.01 | 35(47%) | 169(47%) | 0.11 |
| PMTCT/Maternal Child Health clinics | 64(93%) | 197(45%) | 261 (51%) | 29(39%) | 165(46%) | ||
| Other | 3(4%) | 39(9%) | 42 (8%) | 11(15%) | 27(7%) | ||
| PMTCT ARV's π received by infants | |||||||
| Single-dose Nevirapine | 60(87%) | 270(61%) | 330 (65%) | <0.01 | 34(45%) | 232(64%) | <0.01 |
| None | 9(13%) | 171(39%) | 180 (35%) | 41(55%) | 129(36%) | ||
| PMTCT ARV's π received by mothers | |||||||
| Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy | 1(1%) | 11(2%) | 12 (2%) | 0.16 | 0(0%) | 10(3%) | 0.04 |
| Single-dose Nevirapine | 24(35%) | 203(46%) | 227 (45%) | 27(37%) | 173(48%) | ||
| None | 44(64%) | 227(52%) | 271 (53%) | 48(64%) | 178(49%) | ||
| Both mother and infant received PMTCT ARV's π | |||||||
| Yes | 22 (32%) | 198 (45%) | 220 (43%) | 0.04 | 25(33%) | 169(47%) | 0.03 |
| No | 47 (68%) | 243 (55%) | 290 (57%) | 50(67%) | 192(53%) | ||
| Mother and/or infant received PMTCT ARV's π | |||||||
| Yes | 63(91%) | 286(65%) | 349(68%) | <0.01 | 36(48%) | 246(68%) | <0.01 |
| No | 6(9%) | 155(35%) | 161(32%) | 39(52%) | 115(32%) | ||
| Parent/guardian received DNA PCR results | |||||||
| Yes | n/a | 238(55%)* | n/a | 51(68%) | 187 (52%) | 0.01 | |
| No | 198(45%) | 24(32%) | 174(48%) | ||||
*5 HIV-exposed infants with indeterminate results at first DNA PCR testing are excluded from this table, 4 of whom returned for PCR test results
§ P-values are from Pearson's chi-square tests
β Age that the status of being HIV-exposed was first recognised and formally recorded for follow-up
€ EID = Early Infant Diagnosis
π PMTCT ARV's = Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission Anti Retroviral Therapy