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. 2010 Jul 20;5(7):e11665. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011665

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Xue et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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B. anthracis spores interact with an unknown cell surface receptor. The signal is transduced via a pathway including c-Src, class IA PI3K, and the Rho-family GTPase Cdc42. Eventually F-actin polymerization is activated locally around spore attachment sites, leading to spore internalization.