Table 3.

List of Antioxidants Treatments with beneficial effects in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury.

List of Antioxidant Treatments With Beneficial Effects in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Antioxidant	Category	Species	Injury Type	Mode of Adm A	Dose	Main Protective Effect	Author
α-Tocopherol	Vitamin-diet	Rat	WIB	Im	30 and 300 mg/kg	Survival, histology	Giacoustidis[39]
α-Tocopherol	Vitamin-diet	Rat	CIC/WIB	iv	50 IU/Kg	Histology	Gondolesi[42]
α-Tocopherol/Ascorbate	Vitamins-diet	Clinical	WIB	iv	2 mg/1,000 mg	Better PT ↓Postop. complications	Cerwenka[15]
Ascorbate	Vitamin-diet	Rat	WIB	iv	30 and 100 mg/kg	↓Lipid peroxidation	Seo[153]
Coenzyme Q/Pentoxyfylline	In vivo LMMD agent	Rat	WIB	in/ip	10 mg/kg/50 mg/kg	↓Lipid peroxidation	Portakal[139]
Idebenone	Coenzyme Q derivative	Pig	CIC			↑GSH levels	Schutz[151]
Lipoic acid	In vivo LMM D agent	Rat	CIC	iv	500μM	Histology	Muller[117]
Deferrioxamine	Iron chelator	Dog	CIC/WIB	iv	20 mg/kg	↓AST activity	Park[131]
Trimetazidine	Metal chelator	Rat	WIB	iv/ip	2.5 mg/kg	Histology	Tsimoyiannis[163]
Quercetin	Plant phenol	Rat	WIB	po	0.13 mmol/kg	↓ALT, AST	Su[158]
Cyanidin	Plant phenol	Rat	WIB	po	0.9 mmol/kg	↓Lipid peroxidation	Tsuda[164]
Green Tea Extracts	Plant extracts (catechines)	Rat	WIB	po	0.1%	Histology	Zhong[182]
Magnifera indica	Plant extract	Rat	WI B	po	250 mg/kg	↓AST, ALT ↓ Lipid peroxidation	Sanchez[146]
GSH	In vivo LMM D agent	Rat	WIB	iv	100μM/h/kg	↓ALT↑ Survival	Schauer[149]
GSH	In vivo LMM D agent	Rat	CIC/WIB	iv	100μM/h/kg	↓ ALT↑ Bile flow	Schauer[150]
N-acetylcysteine	Thiol compound GSH precursor	Rabbit	WIB	iv	150 mg/kg	↓ ALT↑ Microcirculation	Glantzounis[40]
N-acetylcysteine/Melatonin	Thiol compound	Rat	WIB	ip	150 mg/kg/10 mg/kg	↓ AST, ALT↓ Lipid peroxidation	Sener[152]
N-acetylcysteine	Thiol compound	Clinical	CIC/WIB	iv		↓ ICAM,E↓ α-GSTF	Weigand[175]
Bucillamine	Thiol compound	Rat	CIC/WIB	iv		Survival	Amersi[2]
SOD derivatives	Intracellular enzyme	Rat	WIB	iv	5,000 IU/Kg	↓Lipid peroxidation	Nguyen[121]
CAT derivatives	Intracellular enzyme	Rat	WIB	iv	0.1 mg/kg	↓ ALT, AST	Yabe[178]
Allopurinol	XOG Inhibitor	Rat	WIB	ip	50 mg/kg	↓ AST	Jeon[71]
Aminoguanidine	iNOS inhibitor	Pig	CIC/WIB	iv	10 mg/kg	Survival, histology	Kimura[78]

^AAdm., administration;

^BWI, warm ischemia;

^CCI, cold ischemia;

^DLMM, low molecular molecule;

^EICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1;

^Fα-GST, α-glutathione S-transferase;

^GXO, xanthine oxidase;

Reprinted with permission from Glantzounis GK, Salacinski HJ, Yang W, Davidson BR, Seifalian AM. [40]