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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2010 May 14;105(7):1226–1234. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02947.x

Table 2.

Multi-level analysis of average medical costs (excluding psychiatric services and AOD treatment costs)

Fixed Effect Co-efficient Standard Error P-value
Intercept* (π0) Intercept (β00 = γ000) 63.40 9.42 < .01
Age group (β01 = γ010)
(Reference group: Age <=18)
46.02 10.94 < .01
Pre-Intake Cost* (β02 = γ020) 0.37 0.04 < .01
Year (Slope)*(π1) Intercept (β10)
Intercept (γ100) -4.82 4.10 0.24
Non-abstinent family member (γ101) 10.32 4.72 0.03
Abstinent family member (γ102)
(Reference group: Control family member)
5.60 3.59 0.12
Age group (β11 = γ 110)
(Reference group: Age <=18)
16.11 6.12 0.01
Random Effects Variance Component Degrees of Freedom P-value
Level-1 (temporal) Variance 400.94
Level-2 (individual within families) Variance
Initial Status 384.31 4552 0.00
Slope 238.06 8153 0.00
Level-3 (between families) Variance 0.46 3600 0.00