Table 2.
Primary and secondary end points at baseline and six months and adjusted differences between intervention and control groups. Values are means (SD) unless stated otherwise
| Measures | Intervention (n=45) | Control (n=48) | Difference* (95% CI) | P value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 months | Baseline | 6 months | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 8.9 (1.4) | 8.4 (1.0) | 8.6 (1.3) | 8.6 (1.2) | −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.1) | 0.007 | |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 9.0 (2.6) | 8.1 (2.2) | 8.3 (2.4) | 8.3 (2.9) | −0.6 (−1.5 to 0.3) | 0.181 | |
| Weight (kg) | 98.4 (18.7) | 96.3 (18.0) | 95.1 (18.8) | 94.5 (18.3) | −1.3 (−2.4 to −0.1) | 0.032 | |
| Body mass index† | 35.1 (6.1) | 34.3 (5.8) | 34.2 (6.0) | 34.0 (5.9) | −0.5 (−0.9 to −0.1) | 0.026 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 111.4 (13.7) | 108.9 (13.6) | 108.0 (12.8) | 107.4 (12.7) | −1.6 (−2.7 to −0.5) | 0.005 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 131.9 (15.8) | 127.8 (15.6) | 131.7 (16.1) | 129.2 (16.4) | −1.4 (−6.1 to 3.2) | 0.536 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79.8 (9.0) | 76.5 (8.7) | 79.0 (10.3) | 76.4 (10.6) | −0.5 (−3.0 to 2.0) | 0.673 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.35 (0.93) | 4.11 (0.97) | 3.93 (0.84) | 3.87 (0.94) | −0.14 (−0.38 to 0.10) | 0.248 | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.04 (0.22) | 1.04 (0.25) | 1.03 (0.22) | 1.01 (0.24) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.747 | |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.52 (0.83) | 2.30 (0.82) | 2.16 (0.71) | 2.13 (0.80) | −0.15 (−0.35 to 0.06) | 0.162 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.71 (0.83) | 1.67 (1.04) | 1.61 (0.65) | 1.59 (0.68) | 0.01 (−0.26 to 0.28) | 0.933 | |
| Uric acid (µmol/l) | 302.1 (78.9) | 313.3 (81.5) | 316.2 (74.0) | 315.9 (79.5) | 11.0 (−3.7 to 25.6) | 0.140 | |
| Urine albumin:creatinine ratio‡ | 7.5 (24.6) | 7.1 (23.8) | 11.0 (53.1) | 5.6 (22.2) | 3.4 (−0.5 to 7.4) | 0.089 | |
HDL=high density lipoprotein; LDL=low density lipoprotein.
*Adjusted for age, sex, and baseline measurements.
†Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square of height in metres.
‡Complete urine samples not obtained for two participants in intervention group and one participant in control group; albumin was measured in milligrams per litre, and creatinine was measured in grams per litre; urine albumin:creatinine ratio values were log transformed.