. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Nov;23(8):2287–2294. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b8d42a

Table 4.

Mean (± SE) pre-, midterm-, and post-training fitness test measures for the Manual Resistance Training (MRT), Manual Resistance Training plus cardiovascular endurance training (MRT+E), and the physical education control (Control) groups.

Test	Group	Pre	Midterm	Post
BMI (kg/m²)	Control	24.9 ± 0.6	24.7 ± 0.6	24.6 ± 0.6
	MRT	24.4 ± 0.8	24.8 ± 0.8	24.5 ± 0.8
	MRT+E	24.8 ± 1.2	25.1 ± 1.2	24.7 ± 1.2
1-Mile run (seconds)	Control	803.8 ± 25.7	793.2 ± 25.7	930.4 ± 25.7^*^†
	MRT	734.0 ± 31.0	685.8 ± 31.0^‡	726.5 ± 31.0^‡
	MRT+E	767.7 ± 40.6	671.2 ± 40.6^‡	650.9 ± 40.6^*^‡
Curl-up (repetition)	Control	14.8 ± 1.5	25.0 ± 1.5^*	21.2 ± 1.5^*
	MRT	19.2 ± 2.2^‡	37.6 ± 2.2^*^‡	31.2 ± 2.2^*^‡
	MRT+E	25.3 ± 3.1^‡	45.0 ± 3.1^*^‡	43.3 ± 3.1^*^‡
Trunk lift (cm)	Control	21.7 ± 0.5	23.0 ± 0.5^*	23.9 ± 0.5^*
	MRT	20.8 ± 0.7	23.8 ± 0.7^*	25.6 ± 0.7^*
	MRT+E	20.2 ± 0.9	26.6 ± 0.9^*^‡	25.3 ± 0.9^*
Push-up (repetition)	Control	8.6 ± 0.7	10.8 ± 0.7^*	10.0 ± 0.7^*
	MRT	9.7 ± 1.1	15.1 ± 1.1^*^‡	12.6 ± 1.1^*^‡
	MRT+E	11.9 ± 1.5	16.8 ± 1.5^*^‡	16.6 ± 1.5^*^‡
Flexed-arm hang (seconds)	Control	5.6 ± 1.1	7.3 ± 1.1^*	7.2 ± 1.1^*
	MRT	6.5 ± 1.5	11.6 ± 1.5^*	11.9 ± 1.5^*
	MRT+E	12.5 ± 2.2	8.3 ± 2.2	11.8 ± 2.2
Modified Pull-up (repetitions)	Control	6.8 ± 0.6	8.8 ± 0.6^*	8.5 ± 0.6^*
	MRT	7.6 ± 0.9	12.1 ± 0.9^*^‡	10.3 ± 0.9^*
	MRT+E	7.8 ± 1.2	9.9 ± 1.2^‡	10.9 ± 1.2^*
Skinfold (mm)	Control	60.4 ± 2.7	65.7 ± 2.7^*	67.9 ± 2.7^*
	MRT	58.0 ± 3.9	64.6 ± 3.9^*	64.9 ± 3.9^*
	MRT+E	65.5 ± 5.6	65.3 ± 5.6	66.0 ± 5.6

Skinfold values are sum of triceps, abdominal, and calf folds.

Significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) than Pre-training measure.

^†

Significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) than Midterm measure.

^‡

Significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) than Control group.