Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Spontaneous pregnancy rate
RCT	67 men with varicocele and who were childless for at least 12 months In review	Proportion of men whose partners became pregnant 12 months 5/32 (16%) with sclerotherapy 6/33 (18%) with no treatment	OR 0.88 95% CI 0.18 to 4.06 The RCT did not achieve the estimated sample size (460 men) needed for adequate power, recruiting only 67 men. Of these, 34 (51%) men did not return for follow-up, and it was assumed in the intention-to-treat analysis that their partners did not become pregnant		Not significant