Table 2.

DNA damage induced Mdm2 and Mdmx phosphorylation.

Site	Kinase	Activation	Outcome
Mdm2
Serine 17	DNA-PK		block Mdm2-p53 binding
Tyrosine 276, 394, 405	c-Abl	MTC, DXR, IR	stabilize p53
Serines 240, 242, 246, 253, 256, 260, 262 and 269		homeostatic	E3 ligase target substrate recruitment modulation, stabilize p53 after IR
Serine 386, 395, 425, 428 and Threonine 419	ATM	IR, UV, NCS	stabilize and activate p53
Serine 407	ATR	CPT	down-regulate nuclear export of p53
Mdmx
Serine 403	ATM	NCS, IR, ETO	destabilize Mdmx
Serine 342, 367	Chk2	NCS, IR	destabilize Mdmx
Tyrosine 55, 99	c-Abl		block Mdmx-p53 binding
Serine 289	CK1a	IR	activation of p53

ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related; c-Abl, cellular Abelson kinase; Chk2, checkpoint kinase; CK1a, casein kinase 1 alpha; DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase; NCS, neocarzinostatin; DXR, doxorubicin, MTC, mitomycin C; CPT, camptothecin, ETO, etoposide.