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Selected risk factors for acute renal failure (see text).
| Risk factor | Incidence of ARF | Comments |
| Sepsis | Unknown | Sepsis seems to be a contributing factor in as many as 43% of ARF cases |
| Aortic clamping | Approaches 100% when longer than 60 minutes | Refers to cross-clamping (no flow) above the renal arteries |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 16.5% | None |
| Aminoglycosides | 8–26% | None |
| Amphotericin | 88% with greater than 5 g total dose | 60% overall incidence of nephrotoxicity |
