Table 3.

Intravenous antibiotics versus each other for acute pyelonephritis: results of RCTs (see text)

First antibiotic	Total number of people	Early cure* rates %	Late cure* rates %	Comparator antibiotic	Early Cures/ Total (%)	Late Cures/ Total (%)
Piperacillin 2 g plus Tazobactam 0.5 gthree times daily for 5–14 days	40	NA	58	Imipenem 0.5 g plus cilastatin 0.5 gthree times daily for 5–14 days	NA	49
Isepamicin 8–15 mg daily for 4–14 days	60	NA	91	Amikacin 7.5 mg/kg twice daily for 4–14 days	NA	93
Co-amoxiclav 2.2 g three times daily (duration not specified)	48	85	NA	Gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg as single dose plusamoxicillin 2.2 g three times daily for 7–14 days	100	NA

*Early cure: negative urine culture within 7–10 days of starting treatment; late cure: negative urine culture 2–4 weeks or more after stopping treatment. NA, not available; P values not available. Piccoli GB, Consiglio V, Colla L, Mesiano P, Magnano A, Burdese M, Marcuccio C, Mezza E, Veglio V, Piccoli G. Antibiotic treatment for acute ‘uncomplicated’ or ‘primary’ pyelonephritis: a systematic, ‘semantic revision’. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006;28S S49–S63