Table.
GRADE evaluation of interventions for pyelonephritis (acute) in non-pregnant women
| Important outcomes | Cure rates, treatment failure, adverse effects | ||||||||
| Number of studies (participants) | Outcome | Comparison | Type of evidence | Quality | Consistency | Directness | Effect size | GRADE | Comment |
| What are the effects of oral antibiotic treatments for acute pyelonephritis in women with uncomplicated infection? | |||||||||
| 12 (618) | Cure rates | Oral antibiotics v each other | 4 | –1 | –1 | –1 | 0 | Very low | Quality point deducted for incomplete reporting of results. Consistency point deducted for conflicting results. Directness point deducted for inclusion of men and children |
| What are the effects of antibiotic treatments for acute pyelonephritis in women admitted to hospital with uncomplicated infection? | |||||||||
| 3 (148) | Cure rates | Intravenous antibiotics v each other | 4 | –3 | –1 | –2 | 0 | Very low | Quality points deducted for sparse data, incomplete reporting of results, and insufficient evidence to enable comparisons to be made. Consistency point deducted for different results for different regimens. Directness point deducted for inclusion of small number of different comparators and uncertainty of inclusion of male participants |
| 2 (203) | Treatment success | Intravenous plus oral v oral antibiotics | 4 | 0 | 0 | –1 | 0 | Moderate | Directness point deducted for small number of comparisons |
| 3 (385) | Cure rates | Sequential treatment (iv v oral) | 4 | –1 | 0 | –1 | 0 | Low | Quality point deducted for incomplete reporting of results. Directness point deducted for inclusion of different comparator in one study |
| 1 (54) | Cure rates | Duration of sequential treatment) 11 days v 4 days of antibiotics | 4 | –2 | 0 | –1 | 0 | Very low | Quality points deducted for sparse data and incomplete reporting of results. Directness point deducted for inclusion of male participants |
Type of evidence: 4 = RCT; 2 = Observational; 1 = Non-analytical/expert opinion.Consistency: similarity of results across studies.Directness: generalisability of population or outcomes.Effect size: based on relative risk or odds ratio.